Pharm 1: Basic Intro

Front 1

Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

Back 1

Half-life (T1/2)

Front 2

Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

Back 2

Volume of distribution (VD)

Front 3

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

Back 3

Cp

Front 4

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

Back 4

Clearance (CL)

Front 5

The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation

Back 5

First pass effect

Front 6

The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Back 6

Bioavailability (F)

Front 7

When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Back 7

Steady state

Front 8

This step of metabolism makes drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination

Back 8

Phase I

Front 9

Different steps of Phase I

Back 9

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Front 10

Products of Phase II conjugation

Back 10

Glucuronate, acetic acid, and glutathione sulfate

Front 11

Inducers of Cytochrome P450

Back 11

Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin

Front 12

Inhibitors of CYP450

Back 12

Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid and grapefruit

Front 13

Constant percentage of substrate metabolized per unit time

Back 13

First order kinetics

Front 14

Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration

Back 14

Zero order kinetics

Front 15

Target plasma concentration multiplied by (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)

Back 15

Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))

Front 16

Concentration in the plasma multiplied by (clearance divided by bioavailability)

Back 16

Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

Front 17

Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor

Back 17

Affinity

Front 18

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

Back 18

Specificity

Front 19

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect

Back 19

Potency

Front 20

Ability of drug to produce a biologic effect

Back 20

Efficacy

Front 21

Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency

Back 21

Full agonist

Front 22

Ability to produce less than 100% of the response

Back 22

Partial agonist

Front 23

Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system

Back 23

Competitive antagonist

Front 24

Ability to bind to either the same or different site as the drug

Back 24

Noncompetitive antagonist

Front 25

Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors

Back 25

Thyroid and steroid hormones

Front 26

MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors

Back 26

Insulin

Front 27

MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels

Back 27

Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers

Front 28

Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population

Back 28

ED50

Front 29

Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population

Back 29

TD50

Front 30

Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

Back 30

LD50

Front 31

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

Back 31

Therapeutic index

Front 32

Drug with a high margin of safety

Back 32

High therapeutic index

Front 33

Drug with a narrow margin of safety

Back 33

Low therapeutic index