Pharm 1

Front 1

Classification

Back 1

Based on clinical indication, mechanism of action, and body system.

Front 2

Dietary Supplements

Back 2

A vitamin, mineral, herb, amino acid, or extract.

Front 3

Acetaminophen

Action

Back 3

Non-narcotic analesic. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.

Front 4

Acetaminophen

Classification and Uses

Back 4

Analgesia, antipyretic

Front 5

Acetaminophen

Daily Doses

Back 5

Not to exceed 4g a day

Liver failure no more than 2g a day

Adult >10 days

Peds >5 days

Front 6

Schedule I Drugs

Back 6

No accepted medical use, high potential for abuse

i.e heroin, ecstacy

Front 7

Schedule II

Back 7

Accepted medical use with severe restrictions with high potential for abuse

i.e cocaine, morphine

Front 8

Schedule III

Back 8

Accepted medical use with moderate to low potential for abuse

i.e codeine, vicodin

Front 9

Schedule IV

Back 9

Accepted medical use with potential for abuse but less than schedule III

i.e valium, ambien

Front 10

Schedule V

Back 10

Accepted for medical use with low potential for abuse

i.e robitussin ac

Front 11

Animal Studies used for

Back 11

Establish toxicity and effectivity

Determine therapeutic index

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Front 12

Drug Release Studies Phase I

Back 12

Initial pharmaceutical evaluation

Front 13

Drug Release Studies Phase II

Back 13

Limited controlled evaluation

Front 14

Drug ReleaseStudies Phase III

Back 14

Extended clinical evaluation

Front 15

Pregnancy and Drug Category A

Back 15

No risk to fetus

Front 16

Pregnancy and Drug Category B

Back 16

No risk in animals but no adequate study in humans.

Front 17

Pregnancy and Drug Category C

Back 17

Risk in animals but no adequate study in fetus but advised against use unless benefit greater than risk.

Front 18

Pregnancy and Drug Category D

Back 18

Risk in fetus but warrant to use if benefit is greater.

Front 19

Pregnancy and Drug Category X

Back 19

Risk in fetus. Risk is always greater than the benefit.

Front 20

Drug ReleaseStudies Phase IV

Back 20

The marketing and wide spread use of a drug

Front 21

Nuremberg Code

Back 21

Set of research ethics principles for human experimentation

Front 22

Pharmaceutics

Back 22

Study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body

Front 23

Pharmacodynamics

Back 23

Study of what the drug does to the body

Front 24

Pharmacokinetics

Back 24

Study of what the body does to the drug

Front 25

Drug forms determine the rate of what in a drug

Back 25

dissolution and absorption

Front 26

Loading Dose

Back 26

Administered to reach a therapeutic response rapidly

Front 27

Maintenance Dose

Back 27

Prescribed at intervals to maintain a therapeutic effect

Front 28

Metabolism/Biotransformation

Back 28

Biochemical alteration of a drug to an inactive metabolite, more potent active metabolite, etc.

Front 29

Drug half life

Back 29

The time it takes to excrete one half of the original amount of drug from body

Front 30

Half life of most drugs

Back 30

5 half lives

Front 31

Bioavailability

Back 31

Percentage of active drug substances absorbed and available to reach the target tissues.

Front 32

Drug action

Back 32

The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction

Front 33

Drug effect

Back 33

The physiologic reaction of the body to the drug.

Front 34

Onset

Back 34

The time it takes for the drug to elicit an effect

Front 35

Peak

Back 35

The time that it takes to reach max effect

Front 36

Duration

Back 36

The time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit an effect

Front 37

Peak

Back 37

Highest blood level. Unacceptable toxicity

Front 38

Trough

Back 38

Lowest blood level. Poor activity

Front 39

Therapeutic Index

Back 39

Ratio between lethal dose and effective dose.

TI=LD50/ED50

Front 40

Agonist

Back 40

Mimics action of the receptor

High affinity and intrinsic activity

Front 41

Affinity

Back 41

Promotes binding

Front 42

Intrinsic Activity

Back 42

Allows the bound agonist to activate receptor

Front 43

Antagonist

Back 43

Blocks action of receptor

High affinity. No intrinsic activity

Front 44

PQRST

Back 44

Provote

Quality

Radiates

Severity

Time

Front 45

Analgesic

Back 45

A drug that relieves pain

Front 46

Narcotics

Back 46

CNS depressant

Front 47

Morphine

Action

Back 47

Opiod agonist analgesic

Mimics opiod peptides to produce sedation and analgesic.

Front 48

Morphine

Precaution

Back 48

Respiratory supression

Decreased uterine contraction in pregnant women

Elevates ICP

Front 49

Morphine

Adverse Effects

Back 49

Cough suppression

Urinary retention

Orthostatic hypotension

Front 50

Morphine

Drug interactions

Back 50

CNS depressants will intensify adverse effects

i.e alcohol, etc

Front 51

Meperidine

Actions

Back 51

Opiod analgesic

Local anesthesia effects

Front 52

Meperidine

Use

Back 52

Drug induced rigors

Post anesthetic shivering

Front 53

Meperidine

Precaution

Back 53

Visteril intensifies

Normeperidine metabolite is toxic

NTE > 600mg / 24 hours for over 2 days

Front 54

Meperidine

Adverse Effects

Back 54

Toxic seizures

Blockade of seratonin reuptake

Front 55

Meperidine (Demerol)

Drug Interactions

Back 55

MAOI can cause excessive activation of serotonin receptors causing excitation, delirium, hyperthermia, seizures, coma and death

Less respiratory depression than morphine