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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two neurotransmitter exceptions in the sympathetic nervous system?
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Cholinergic for sweat glands and adrenal medulla
Dopaminergic for renal blood vessels |
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What are the five important steps in neurotransmission?
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synthesis
storage release recognition metabolism |
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What is the rate-limiting step for cholinergic neurons?
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choline transport into neurons
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What enzyme is the most important mechanism for degradation of acetylcholine?
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
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What enzyme is required for the synthesis of acetylcholine?
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Choline acetyltransferase
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What enzymes are involved in the synthesis of catecholamines (norepinephrine)?
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Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)
DOPA decarboxylase (DD) Dopamine B-hydroxylase (DBH) |
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What enzymes are involved in the degradation of catecholamines?
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) |
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What substance is examined to diagnose pheochromocytoma?
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3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA)
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What enzyme converts Dopamine into Norepinephrine?
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DBH
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What enzyme converts Norepinephrine into Epinephrine?
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PNMT
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What is the effect of cholinergic neurons on the eyes?
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pupillary constriction
increased outflow of aqueous humor |
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What is the effect of adrenergic neurons on the eyes?
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pupillary dilation
increased production of aqueous humor |
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Do cholinergic neurons excite or inhibit heart activity?
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inhibit
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Do adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit heart activity?
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excite
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Do adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit vasodilation?
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excite
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Do adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit bronchodilation?
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excite
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Do cholinergic neurons excite or inhibit the GI tract?
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excite
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Do adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit the GI tract?
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inhibit
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Do adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit renal vasodilation?
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excite
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Do cholinergic neurons excite or inhibit secretion from glands?
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excite
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What is the difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?
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muscarinic are G protein coupled receptors
nicotinic are ion channel linked receptors |
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What does activation of muscarinic receptors cause?
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Defecation
Urination Miosis (pupillary constriction) Bronchoconstriction Emesis (vomiting) Lacrimation Salivation |
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DUMBELS syndrome is associated with what type of receptors?
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muscarinic receptors
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Of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine, which is the most and which is the least potent agonist for α-adrenergic receptors?
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most potent: norepinephrine
least potent: isoproterenol |
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Of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine, which is the most and which is the least potent agonist for β-adrenergic receptors?
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most potent: isoproterenol
least potent: norepinephrine |
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What is the major difference between adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors?
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α1 are on postsynaptic effector cells
α2 are on presynaptic nerve terminals |
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What are the effects of adrenergic β1, β2, and β3 receptors?
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β1: increased heart rate
β2: dilation of blood vessels β3: breakdown of adipose tissue |
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What receptors is norepinephrine most and least selective for?
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most: α1 and α2
least: β2 |
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What receptors is epinephrine most and least selective for?
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most: β1 and β2
least: α1 and α2 |
