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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the types of conjunctivitis?
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1. Diffuse (systemic disease) 2. Circumcorneal (keratitis, uveitis) 3. Focal (subconjunctival hemorrhage, scleritis) 4. Giant papillary conjunctivitis *Refer all except seasonal! |
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Sx of hyperacute/ acute conjunctivitis?
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- Acutely red
- Copious tearing, or green/ yellow mucopurulent DC - Unilateral at onset - Pain, photophobia, blurred vision (doesn't clear with blink), foreign body sensation |
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When should conjunctivitis be referred?
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Acute and hyperacute
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Define: chronic conjunctivitis
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- >2 weeks
- Allergic cause - Can also involve blepharitis, dry eye, contact lenses, rebound due to prolonged use of opthalmic medication |
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What are the two main causes of conjunctivitis?
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1. Infectious (viral/ bacterial)
2. Non-infectious |
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When is conjunctivitis self-treatable?
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Mild
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What type of hypersensitivity reaction causes allergic conjunctivitis?
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Type I
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Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?
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- usually bilateral
- diffuse redness - severe itching - moderate clear DC, water or mucoid - mild eyelid swelling, burning |
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Goals of therapy?
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1. Prevent sx
2. Alleviate signs and symptoms 3. Improve quality of life |
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Non-drug measures for allergic conjunctivitis?
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- Basic care - avoid allergens, modify environment
- Cool compresses several times daily - Temporarily stop contact lens wear - Don't rub eyes |
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How should tear substitutes be used?
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Artificial tears; 2-6x daily
Used preservative free Used to sooth eyes, wash allergens |
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MOA of Visine?
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Is topical decongestant
- vasoconstriction decreases interstitial fluid accumulation - relieves conjunctival redness, eyelid edema (less effect) - max 3 days or rebound congestion (severe red eye) |
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Which decongestants are used?
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Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, phenyleprhine (shorter DOA)
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Which combination products are used?
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Albalon A: antazoline + naphazoline
Naphcon A: pheniramine + naphazoline --> antihistamine + decongestants |
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When are mast cell stabilizers used?
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For prevention of allergic conjunctivitis; symptomatic relief takes 3 days or longer
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What is acute bacterial conjunctivitis usually caused by?
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Adults - usually viral, but caused by staph spp.
Children - s. pneumo, h. inf, m. cattarhalis, s. aureus Neonates - n. gonorrhoeae, c. trachomatis (most common) |
