Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
contact dermatitis |
pattern of inflammation of skin
occular in response to external agents that act as irritant or allergens |
|
|
acute phase of contact dermatitis |
erythema and vesiculation (small blisters), itching |
|
|
chronic phase of contact dermatitis |
dryness, lichenification (thickened and accentuated skin lines), fissures (splits in skin to dermis) |
|
|
allergic contact dermatitis |
delayed or cell-mediated hypersensitivity rxn of skin caused by exogenous allergen
initial exposure causes immune sensitization w Sx appearing 5-21d later -re-exposure causes Sx appearing w/in 12-48h
generally acute (may become chronic w repeated exposure)
severity of rxn depends on time, concentration of allergen, & person's degree of sensitivity |
|
|
common contact allergens |
-poison ivy, poison oak -nickel -ethylenediamine -rubber -latex -parapheylenediamine (hair dyes) -lanolin, neomycin, benzocaine (ester type LA), topical antihistamines, aloe vera -fragrance, cetylsteryl alcohol (bandage glue), quaternium 15, thimerosol (preservatives) -potassium dichromate (cement) -Balsam of Peru (also in foods) |
|
|
irritant contact dermatitis |
non-allergic inflamm response to any non-immunological substances including physical, chemical, biological agents -direct cytotoxic effects; skin injury
|
|
|
common irritants (contact dermatitis) |
repeated exposure to detergents, soaps, solvents
acids and alkalis (strong irritants) can cause damage immediately on contact by removing hte lipids and aa of skin |
|
|
general measures |
ID and reduce exposure of irritants and allergens
avoid excessive water, soaps, detergents
wear rubber gloves (w cotton liners)
keep nails short to avoid injury to itchy skin |
|
|
wet dressing procedure |
-immediately wash affected area -apply compress of saline or tap water for 20-30 min 4-5x daily
soak a thin cloth in tepid soln, wring gently and apply to skin. repeate every few min for the 20-30min period |
|
|
bath products work by: |
oils coat the skin to form a semi-occlusive barrier that reduces evaporation from the epidermis and controls dry skin
contain mineral or vegetable oils |
|
|
colloidal oatmeal |
bath oil
contains starch and protein
useful for itch. oilated products are better for dry skin
Aveeno |
|
|
cleansers |
soapless cleansers (cetaphil) have no lipids and leave a film on the skin to help retain water
use mild, non-alkaline soap or soap free-cleanser on intact skin only
Cetaphil |
|
|
emollients |
very little water is absorbed from emollients
apply to damp skin after bathing
protectants (Silicone, Prevex) |
|
|
emollinet for acute oozing dermatitis |
oil-in-water creams or lotions
Keri Lotion Moisturel |
|
|
emollient for chronic, dry, thick, scaly dermatitis |
water-in-oil bases (ie greasy) |
|
|
emollinet for hairy areas |
gels or lotions |
|
|
hydrating agents examples |
glycerin 50% propylene glycol phospholipid urea 10% alpha-hydroxy acids (lactic, citric, glycoli, pyruvic, glucuronic) 2-5% |
|
|
glycerin is a: |
hydrating agents
retards evaporation from the product |
|
|
propylene glycol is a: |
hydrating agent
odorless, colourless, viscous, hygroscopic solvent for water insoluble compounds |
|
|
phospholipid is a: |
hydrating agent
contain lecithin that bins water
Cetaphil |
|
|
Urea is a: |
hydrating agent
draws water into skin
Uremol |
|
|
Alpha-hydroxy acids are: |
hydrating agents
increase syntehsis of mucopolysaccharides to control keratinization process
Lachydrin |
|
|
Ceramides |
hydrating agents |
|
|
hydrocortisone |
effective anti-inflammatory for mild, acute or chronic contact dermatits (irritant and allergic)
poor antiproliferative effects compared to stronger steroids |
|
|
advantage of hydrocortisone |
less skin thinning, striae, telangiectasia, purpura and acne |
|
|
clobetasone butyrate |
0.05% (Eumovate)
moderate potency CS for OTC use
SEs are greater |
|
|
first generation antihistamine SE |
-more anticholinergic SEs (dry mouth, nasal passages, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia) -CNS depression (drowsiness - promote sleep in presence of pruritis) |
|
|
allergic rhinitis |
"Hayfever"
inflammation of nasal mucosa following exposure to airborne allergens
seasonal or perennial
|
|
|
drugs to treat allergic rhinitis |
antihistamines decongestants nasal CS cromolyn |
|
|
allergic conjunctivitis |
inflammation of conjunctiva (eyelids) due to allergic rxn to airborne allergens
occular itching, tearing, redness, mild eyelid swelling |
|
|
drugs to treat allergic conjunctivitis |
antihistamines oral and topical mast cell stabilizers |
|
|
Levocabastine |
antihistamine eye drop
rapid onset of action
|
|
|
olopatadine |
antihistamine & mast cell stabilizer eye drop |
|
|
cromoglycate |
mast cell stabilizer eye drop |
|
|
nedocromil |
mast cell stabilizer eye drop |
|
|
lodoxamine |
mast cell stabilizer eye drop |
|
|
emedastine |
antihistamine eye drop |
