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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA of epinephrine? |
Epinephrine is a direct acting sympathomimetic drug.
It mimics the actions of sympathetic neurotransmitters by activating adrenoreceptor. |
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Therapeutic use of epinephrine? (4) |
1. Reduction of regional blood flow (surgery, local anesthesia) 2. Cardiac arrest 3. Bronchial asthma 4. Anaphylactic shock (bronchospasm, mucous membrane congestion, angioedema, severe hypotension) |
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Effect of epinephrine on CNS? (2) |
1. Mydriasis (pupil dilation) 2. Doesn't cross BBB, but fear, anxiety, restlessness, tremors and headache are indirect effect. |
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Effect of epinephrine on cardiovascular system? (3) |
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Increased inotropy and chronotropy 3. Vasodilate skeletal muscle blood vessels (may increase systolic BP but also decrease diastolic) |
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Effect of epinephrine on respiratory system? |
Bronchodilation (relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles) |
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Effect of epinephrine on GI? |
Decreased motility and secretion |
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Effect of epinephrine on urinary system? |
Decreased voiding pressure |
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Effect of epinephrine on glands? |
Increased sweating and pallor |
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Function of a1 adrenergic receptor subtype? (2) |
1. Increase IP3 to release Ca2+ 2. Increase DAG to activate protein kinase C
*Main role is excitation |
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Function of a2 adrenergic receptor subtype? |
Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
*Main role is inhibition |
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Function of B receptor subtypes? |
Increase cAMP for increased contraction
B1 - Heart B2 - Bronchial smooth muscles B3 - Adipose tissue, muscles |
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Where are dopamine receptors found? |
Kidneys |
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Function of D1 receptor subtypes? |
Increase adenylyl cyclase (like a1) |
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Function of D2, D3, and D4 receptor subtypes? |
Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, open potassium channel, decrease calcium influx (like a2) |
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Where are a1 receptors located? |
Vascular smooth muscle (Contraction) Pupillary dilator muscle (Contraction - pupil dilates) Prostate (Contracts) Bladder sphincter (Contracts) Heart (Positive inotropy) Pilomotor muscle (Erects hair) |
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Where are a2 receptors located? (3)
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Vascular smooth muscles (contraction)
GI smooth muscles (relax; indirect) Fat cells (inhibits lipolysis) *Inhibits nerve endings at adrenergic and cholinergic sites |
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Where are B1 receptors located? |
Heart (increase inotropy and chronotropy) |
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Where are B2 receptors located? (2)
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Respiratory (relax)
Vascular smooth muscles (relaxation/ dilate) Uterus (relax) Skeletal muscles ( uptake K+) |
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Where are B3 receptors located? (2)
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Fat cells (lipolysis)
Bladder (relaxation) Heart (negative inotropy) |
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Where are D1 receptors located? |
Smooth muscles (dilates renal vessels) |
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MOA of dopamine? |
Dopamine is a selective adrenergic agonist.
It is a precursor of norepinephrine and activates D1 and D2 receptors.
It also activates b1 receptors in the heart due to similar structure to adrenaline. |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic uses of dobutamine? |
1. Dobutamine is an adrenergic agonist. It is a catecholamine that is selective for B1 receptors, but also activates a1.
2. Hypotensive emergency to preserve cerebral and coronary blood flow. |
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What does the fox say? |
Ring-ding-ding-ding-dingeringeding |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of phenylephrine? |
1. Phenylephrine is an a-receptor agonist.
2. Mydriasis, decongestant, and raises blood pressure. |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of xylometazoline/ oxymetazoline? |
1. Both are a-receptor agonist.
2. Topical decongestant. May also cause hypotension due to significant affinity for a2 receptors (inhibition) |
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How does a2 selective agonists affect blood pressure? |
Causes BP to decrease by decreasing sympathetic output.
Done through decreasing chronotropy and inotropy (B1) and decreasing vascular tone (a1). |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of clonidine?
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1. a2 selective agonist 2. Antihypertensive, alcohol and nicotine withdrawal, analgesic
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Side effects of clonidine?
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1. Dry mouth (decreased sympathetic tone) 2. Constipation (block release of acetylcholine) |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of isoproterenol?
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1. Is a B agonist 2. Positive inotropy and chronotropy, increase cardiac output, potent vasodilator (B1)
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of salbutamol?
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1. B2 selectic agonist 2. Treatment of asthma (dilates bronchial smooth muscles) |
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1. MOA and 2. Therapeutic use of myrabegron?
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1. B3 selective agonist 2. Treatment of overactive bladder (relaxes bladder detrusor muscles) 3. Also possible antiobesity drug (increase lipolysis)
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Side effects of myrabegron? |
1. Hypertension and tachycardia 2. Inhibits CYP2D6 (drug interactions)
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