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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the first generation cephalosporins?
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Cefazolin (ancef)
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What are the 2 main ways Cephalosporins are similar to Penicillin?
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disrupts cell wall and activates autolysins
Bacterocidal—Like Penicillin (Kills bacteria) |
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How is Cephalosporin usually administered
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Parenternally
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Why does Cephalosporin have a low toxicity in humans?
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because they attack cell wall, and we don’t have cell walls!
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Is Cephalosporin's Therapeutic index High or Low?
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High
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True or False, Cephalosporins are the Most widely used group of antibiotics (most common prescribed antibiotic group)
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True
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What are the common adverse effects of Cephalosporins?
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Allergies
**Bleeding--avoid use of NSAIDs, Steroids, and anticoagulants Thrombophelebitis-- MUST ADMIN. SLOWLY Steven's Johnsons Syndrome Negates birth control pills |
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Patient is on oral suspension of cephalo and reports GI upset, what do you recommend?
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Be sure drug is refridgerated
Suggest it be taken with food If GI sxs persist call MD |
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If patient is allergic to PCN, will he be allergic to cephalosporins?
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Maybe
About 10-20% of patients allergic to PCN are also allergic to cephalo—you don’t want to take a chance to have an allergic reaction to this too! Should NOT be used in patients with DOCUMENTED PCN allergy |
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What is Vacnomyocin used for?
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Severe infections--used for infections that are resistant!
*Methcillin resistant staphylococcus aureus or Staph—Vancomycin is the only drug to treat (MRSA) *BIG GUN for resistant infections |
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are there bacteria that can be totally resistant to all antibiotics?
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YES!
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What are the Side effects of Vancomyocin?
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Ototoxicity--careful with Lasix and ASA that also cause this
Thrombphlebitis-- MUST ADMIN. SLOWLY Allergy Redman's Syndrom (usually from giving too fast, causes release of Histamine) |
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Can Vancomyocin be given to people with PNC allergies?
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YES
Binds to molecules that are precursors for cell wall synthesis—not same way PNC works Does not interact with penicillin Protein binding sites |
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Is Vancomyocin appropriate for Gram - Staph infections?
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NO, they are only effective against Gram + bacteria
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What infections are Vacomyocine reserved for?
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ONLY for serious infections
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Vancomyocin is associated with Pseudomembranous colitis, which is what?
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VERY BAD DIARRHEA
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Can Vancomyocin be used in patients with serious infections that are allergic to Penicillin at the anaphylactic level?
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YES
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Is there a VRSA (Vancomyocin-Resistant Staph. Aureus)
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YES
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How should Vancomyocin be administered?
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Slow IVPB; over a minimum of 75 minutes – Give SLOWLY to avoid damage to blood vessels (avoid thrombophlebitis)
In a central line—big line!! Use biggest line and biggest blood vessel to give it! |
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What are some side effects to be assessing for with IVPB Vancomycin?
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Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis Redman's Syndrome |
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What are Thrombophlebitis, and Redman Syndrom usually caused from when administering Vancomyocin?
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Administering too fast!
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What Does Thrombophlebitis look like?
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– looks like red streak going up blood vessel, vessel gets hard, and it hurts! Why you admin. Slowly!
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Why is vanc often used as a pre-op abx?
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Highly effective against staph epidermidis; a gram + resident bacteria of the skin
Epidermidis does not cause infection on the skin, but will if it enters the body If your doing something like orthopedic surgery, you use this to prevent bad infection in bones and places that are hard to treat! |
