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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sulfonamides |
- Allergy to sulfa - example Septra - may potentiate the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas in diabetes treatment -reduce birth control, taken with a lot of water |
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Cephalosporins |
Drugs begin with CEF 4 generation - the level of gram negative coverage increases with each successive generation 1st cefazolin (generic), 2ndc efuroxime (Ceftin), 3rd ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 4th cefipime (Maxipime) - Penicillin cross sensitivity - give with food |
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Penicillins |
drugs ending in Cillin - lots of allergic reactions so monitor for 30 mins after giving - give with lots of water but avoid citrus juices, caffeine products and tomato juice. |
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Carbapenems |
ending in penem – used in complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections- watch for seizures |
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Monobactams |
– used in moderately severe systemic infections, UTIs and cystic fibrosis - drugs ending in nam |
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Macrolides |
– used for STDs and respiratory infections; can reduce efficacy of contraceptives - highly protein bound and hepatotoxic; can prolong QT interval (watch for cardiac dysrhythmias); tinnitus- take with food - drugs ending in my in - can reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives |
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Tetracyclines |
– used to treat acne, PID; do not give with dairy products/drink lots of water- side effects are tooth discolouration and photosensitivity - can cause superinfection - drugs ending in cyclone |
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Miscellaneous |
clindamycin (Dalcin C)metronidazole (Flagyl)nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)vancomycin (Vancocin) |
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Salicylates: |
- acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin); diflunisal (Dolobid)-Inhibits platelets – usually 81mg po od as an antiplatelet; 325mg po od/bid for analgesic-Don’t give ASA to kids – REYES Syndrome (encephalopathy = coma/death)-S/E – hearing loss, increased bleeding, headache, dizziness, NV&D |
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Acetic Acid Derivatives: |
-ketorolac (Toradol); indomethacin (Indocin)-Moderate to severe pain, inflammation, fever-Used in arthritis, tendonitis, post surgical pain that doesn’t respond to opioids. Short term 5-7days-Oral and rectal. IV torodol-S/E – GI pain, nausea, kidney impairment |
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Cox2 Inhibitors: |
-celecoxib (Celebrex)-Only one left in Canada. Used for OA, RA, dysmenorrhea-S/E – headache, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness. Do not give to patients with a sulpha allergy as celecoxib has a sulfonamide structure and is contraindicated for patients with known sulfa allergy |
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Enolic Acid Derivatives: |
meloxicam (Mobicox); piroxicam (Feldene)- Mild to moderate pain in OA, RA, and gouty arthritis |
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Propionic Acid Derivatives: |
ibuprofen (Advil); naproxen (Aleve)- Most commonly used analgesic for OA, RA, dental pain and dysmenorrhea |
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Anti Gout Drugs: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: |
allopurinol (Zyloprim); colchicine (Colcigel)Allopurinol reduces the productions of uric acidColchicine reduces the inflammation |
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Immunosuppressant |
suppressing the immune system |
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classification |
Glucocoricoids Calcineurin Antimetabolites Biologics |
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Glucocoricoids |
inhibits all stages of t-cells activation in acute organ rejection |
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Calcineurin inhibitors |
are drugs which inhibits the action of Calcineurin a protein phosphatase involved in activating t-cells of immune system. Interleukins 2 a type of cytokine. regulate activities of WBC |
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Antimetabolites |
inhibits cells proliferation (growth) |
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Biologic |
inhibits cytoxic T (killer cells) function |
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Biological response modifying drug |
promotes body's own immune response, enhancement of hematopoietic function, inhibition of metastases, prevention of cell division/ inhibition of cell maturation |
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Immunomodulating |
interferons monoclonal antibodies Interleukin receptor agonist and antagonists Miscellaneous- DMARD |
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Hematopoitic |
not directly toxic to cancer cells but stimulates RBC, WBC and platelets |
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Mechanism of action of various antibiotics |
1) interfere with cell wall 2) inhibit division of DNA 3) inhibits protein synthesis 4) interfere metabolism 5) inhibits folic acid Antiviral interfere with virus replication |
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bacterocadal vs bacteriostatic |
kill and inhibit |
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gram positive vs gram negative |
purple pink |
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aerobic vs anaerobic |
oxygen, no oxygen |
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antibodies |
produced by microorganisms antibacterial not produced by microbes synthesized by chemist needs a culture and sensitivity test |
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Antiviral |
4 routes: Inhalation, ingestion, transplacentally, inrucuktion classification- Antiviral (non HIV) antiretroviral (HIV) |
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Capillary leak syndrome |
-severe toxicites when taking aldesleukin - results massive fluid retention which can lead to Respiratory distress, HF,MI, dysrhythmias |
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Hematopoitic drugs |
Filgrastim Pegfilgrastim Epeotin Alfa darbepoetin Alfa |
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Flgrastim |
-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-Stimulates precursor cells for the type of white blood cells known as granulocytes (including basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils)-Administered before patient develops infection |
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Pegfilgrastim |
Longer-acting form of filgrastimReduces number of injectionssargramostim (Leukine)Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)Stimulates bone marrow precursor cells that make both granulocytes and phagocytic (cell-eating) cells, known as monocytesoprelvekinAlso classified as an interleukin (IL-11)Stimulates the bone marrow cells, specifically megakaryocytes, that eventually become platelets |
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Epeotin alfa |
Synthetic derivative of the hormone erythropoietinPromotes the synthesis of red blood cells (RBCs) |
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Darbepoetin Alfa |
Longer-acting form of epoetin alfaAlso used to stimulate RBC production |
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types of acid controlling drugs |
Antacids – Compounds used to neutralize stomach acid.- calcium or aluminum H2-receptor antagonists - Act on the histamine 2 receptors on the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa to slow down the production of HCl (Hydrochloric acid).- ending "tidine"Proton pump inhibitors - Act to block all production of HCl in parietal cells.- ending in "PrazoleMiscellaneous Drugs |
