Pha453 Cardio Ii Exam 1 Drugs

Front 1

Ismelin

Back 1

sympatholytic:

displaces NT from storage vesicles inside the terminal --> less NT release

Hint 1

guanethidine

Front 2

tyramine

Back 2

sympathomimetic:

displaces catecholamine NT vesicle from cytoplasmic pool --> more NT into cleft

can cause adrenergic crisis

Hint 2

Cheese, beer

Front 3

Amphetamine

Back 3

sympathomimetic:

competes for NET
displaces NT vesicle from cytoplasmic pool
--> more monoamine NT into the cleft

Hint 3

amphetamine

Front 4

Ephedrine

Back 4

sympathomimetic:

direct beta- and alpha-receptor stimulation

displaces NT vesicle from cytoplasmic pool --> more NT into cleft

Hint 4

ephedrine

Front 5

Tensilon

Back 5

Parasympathomimetic:

reversible competitive AChE-I

diagnostic for myasthenia crisis / cholinergic crisis

Hint 5

edrophonium

Front 6

Cognex

Back 6

Parasympathomimetic:

reversible competitive AChE-I

tx for Alzheimer's

hepatotoxicity issues

Hint 6

tacrine

Front 7

Eserine

Back 7

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for glaucoma

Hint 7

physostigmine

Front 8

Antilirium

Back 8

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

antidote to anticholinergic poisoning

Hint 8

physostigmine

Front 9

Mestinon

Back 9

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for myasthenia gravis

Hint 9

pyridostigmine

Front 10

Regonol

Back 10

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for myasthenia gravis

Hint 10

pyridostigmine

Front 11

Exelon

Back 11

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for Alzheimer's

Hint 11

rivastigmine

Front 12

Razadyne

Back 12

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for Alzheimer's

Hint 12

galantamine

Front 13

Reminyl

Back 13

parasympathomimetic:

competitive substrate AChE-I

tx for Alzheimer's

Hint 13

galantamine

Front 14

Parnate

Back 14

sympathomimetic:

non-selective MAOI (-A and -B)

Hint 14

trancylpromine

Front 15

Nardil

Back 15

sympathomimetic:

non-selective MAOI (-A and -B)

Hint 15

phenylzine

Front 16

Eldepryl

Back 16

sympathomimetic:

selective MAOI (-B)

Hint 16

selegiline (oral)

Front 17

EMSAM

Back 17

sympathomimetic:

selective MAOI (-B)

avoids dietary restriction
higher bioavailability than oral

Hint 17

selegiline (transdermal)

Front 18

Miochol-E

Back 18

parasympathomimetic:

cholinergic receptor agonist

injected into the eye --> rapid miosis

Hint 18

acetylcholine

Front 19

Urecholine

Back 19

parasympathomimetic:

muscarinic receptor agonist

tx for post-op/-partum urinary retention; and gastroparesis

fewer CV effects than rest of class

Hint 19

bethanechol

Front 20

Salagen

Back 20

parasympathomimetic:

muscarinic receptor agonist
--> salivary stimulation

tx for Sjogren's syndrome, dry mouth

Hint 20

pilocarpine (oral)

Front 21

Evoxac

Back 21

parasympathomimetic:

muscarinic receptor agonist
--> salivary stimulation

tx for Sjogren's syndrome

Hint 21

cevimaline

Front 22

Pilocar
Isopto Carpine
Ocusert Pilo-20

Back 22

parasympathomimetic:

muscarinic receptor agonist

miotic
tx for glaucoma, post eye surgery

short duration: dosed ~QID

Hint 22

pilocarpine (ophth)

Front 23

Atropine

Back 23

parasympatholytic:

competitive cholinergic receptor antagonist

long-acting
dose-related predictable anticholinergic adverse effects

Hint 23

(no brand)

Front 24

Transderm Scop

Back 24

parasympatholytic:

cholinergic receptor antagonist

tx for nausea

crosses blood-brain barrier -->
blocks M3 in vestibular apparatus;
drowsiness

Hint 24

scopalamine (transdermal)

Front 25

Atrovent

Back 25

parasympatholytic:

cholinergic receptor antagonist
blocks M3 in bronchial smooth muscle --> dilation

tx for pulmonary disorders

Hint 25

ipratropium

Front 26

Spiriva

Back 26

parasympatholytic:

cholinergic receptor antagonist
blocks M3 in bronchial smooth muscle --> dilation

tx for pulmonary disorders

Hint 26

tiotropium

Front 27

Cogentin

Back 27

parasympatholytic:

cholinergic receptor antagonist
blocks M3 in striatal pathway --> reduced tremor/movement

tx for Parkinson's; EPS

Hint 27

benztropine

Front 28

Artane

Back 28

parasympatholytic:

cholinergic receptor antagonist
blocks M3 in striatal pathway --> reduced tremor/movement

tx for Parkinson's; EPS

Hint 28

trihexyphenidyl

Front 29

Mevacor

Back 29

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
10mg ; 20mg ; 40mg
LDL: 34% (lowrange)
prodrug
crosses BBB
CYP3A4

Hint 29

lovastatin

Front 30

Zocor

Back 30

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
20mg ; 40mg
LDL: 41% (midrange)
prodrug
crosses BBB
CYP3A4

Hint 30

simvastatin

Front 31

Lipitor

Back 31

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
10mg ; 20mg ; 30mg
LDL: 50% (upper-range)
lesser crossing of BBB
CYP3A4

Hint 31

atorvastatin

Front 32

Pravachol

Back 32

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
20mg ; 40mg
LDL: 34% (lowrange)
does NOT cross BBB
NOT highly protein-bound
sulfonation

Hint 32

pravastatin

Front 33

Lescol

Back 33

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
80mg
LDL: 17% (lowest)
lesser crossing of BBB
CYP2C9

Hint 33

fluvastatin

Front 34

Crestor

Back 34

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
5mg ; 10mg ; 20mg ; 40mg
LDL: 55% (highest)
does NOT cross BBB
CYP2C9

Hint 34

rosuvastatin

Front 35

Livalo

Back 35

statin: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
1mg ; 2mg ; 4mg
LDL: 55% (8mg)
crosses BBB
CYP2C9

Hint 35

pitavastatin

Front 36

Questran

Back 36

bile acid sequestering resin

one quaternary ammonium group on divinylbeneze and polystyrene

Hint 36

cholestyramine

Front 37

Colestid

Back 37

bile acid sequestering resin

several secondary and tertiary amine groups (no quaternary amines): variously charged depending on pH

Hint 37

colestipol

Front 38

WelChol

Back 38

bile acid sequestering resin

most effective in class: two quaternary amines, plus several primary and secondary amines

Hint 38

colesevelam

Front 39

Zetia

Back 39

cholesterol absorption inhibitor
10mg
LDL: 14-25%
VLDL: 7-9%
no effect on HDL

produg -- altered in liver, resecreted in bile

Hint 39

ezetimibe

Front 40

Vytorin

Back 40

cholesterol absorption inhibitor / statin
10/10mg ; 10/20mg ; 10/40mg ; 10/80mg

possibly not more effective than simvastatin alone

Hint 40

ezetimibe / simvastatin

Front 41

Niaspan

Back 41

nicotinic acid (vitamin B3)
500mg ; 750mg ; 1000mg

LDL: 20-30%
VLDL: 34-45%
HDL: 30-40% (most effective of all antihyperlipidemics)

main AEs: flushing, hepatotoxicity, GI upset, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

Hint 41

niacin (ER)

Front 42

Simcor

Back 42

nicotinic acid / statin

Hint 42

niacin / simvastatin

Front 43

Advicor

Back 43

nicotinic acid / statin

Hint 43

niacin / lovastatin

Front 44

Lopid

Back 44

fibric acid derivative: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
prodrug

metabolite interferes w/ statin metabolism

Hint 44

gemfibrozil

Front 45

Tricor

Back 45

fibric acid derivative: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

less interference w/ statin metabolism than gemfibrozil

Hint 45

fenofibrate

Front 46

Fenoglide
Triglide
Lipofen

Back 46

fibric acid derivative: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

less interference w/ statin metabolism than gemfibrozil

Hint 46

fenofibrate

Front 47

Antara
Lofibra

Back 47

fibric acid derivative: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Hint 47

fenofibrate (micronized)

Front 48

Trilipix
Fibricor

Back 48

fibric acid: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

less interference w/ statin metabolism than fenofibrate

Hint 48

fenofibric acid

Front 49

Isoptin
Calan
Verelan

Back 49

non-dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker

DD intrxn w/ β-blocker: bradycardia, AV block

Hint 49

verapamil

Front 50

Cardizem

Back 50

non-dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker

DD intrxn w/ β-blocker: bradycardia, AV block

Hint 50

diltiazem

Front 51

Procardia
Adalat

Back 51

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
1st gen

worst in class for reflex tachycardia

Hint 51

nifedipine

Front 52

Cardene

Back 52

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 52

nicardipine

Front 53

Norvasc

Back 53

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
3rd gen

Hint 53

amlodipine

Front 54

DynaCirc

Back 54

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 54

isradipine

Front 55

Plendil

Back 55

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
3rd gen

Hint 55

felodipine

Front 56

Sular

Back 56

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 56

nisoldipine

Front 57

Cleviprex

Back 57

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 57

clevidipine

Front 58

Nimotop

Back 58

dihydropyridine Ca++ channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 58

nimodipine

Front 59

Inderal

Back 59

beta-blocker
non-selective

MSA (aka local anesthetic effect) - however dose required for MSA is higher than dose for treating arrhythmia

Hint 59

propranolol

Front 60

Corgard

Back 60

beta-blocker
non-selective

Hint 60

nadolol

Front 61

Blocadren

Back 61

beta-blocker
non-selective

Hint 61

timolol (oral)

Front 62

Visken

Back 62

beta-blocker
non-selective

ISA

Hint 62

pindolol

Front 63

Levatol

Back 63

beta-blocker
non-selective

ISA

Hint 63

penbutolol

Front 64

Tenormin

Back 64

beta-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 64

atenolol

Front 65

Lopressor

Back 65

beta-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 65

metoprolol tartrate

Front 66

Toprol XL

Back 66

beta-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 66

metoprolol succinate

Front 67

Sectral

Back 67

beta-blocker
β1 selective

ISA
MSA (aka local anesthetic effect)

Hint 67

acebutolol

Front 68

Kerlone

Back 68

beta-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 68

betaxolol (oral)

Front 69

Zebeta

Back 69

beta-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 69

bisoprolol

Front 70

Brevibloc

Back 70

beta-blocker
β1 selective

rapid onset, short half-life
for use in hospital setting

Hint 70

esmolol

Front 71

Bystolic

Back 71

beta-blocker
β1 preferential

"3rd generation"
increases NO in periphery --> vasodilation

Hint 71

nebivolol

Front 72

Trandate
Normodyne

Back 72

beta-blocker
β1 β2 α1

ISA
3rd generation
periphery, coronary vasodilation
reverses peripheral vascular remodeling

Hint 72

labetolol

Front 73

Coreg

Back 73

beta-blocker
β1 β2 α1

3rd generation
periphery, coronary vasodilation
reverses peripheral vascular remodeling

Hint 73

carvedilol

Front 74

Betimol
Timoptic

Back 74

β-blocker
non-selective

Hint 74

timolol (ophth)

Front 75

Prialt

Back 75

Ca++ N-channel blocker

from a snail
1000x more powerful than morphine

Hint 75

ziconotide

Front 76

Ocupress

Back 76

β-blocker
non-selective
ophthalmic
ISA

Hint 76

carteolol

Front 77

Optipranolol

Back 77

β-blocker
non-selective
ophthalmic

Hint 77

metipranolol

Front 78

Betagan

Back 78

β-blocker
non-selective
ophthalmic

Hint 78

levobunolol

Front 79

Betoptic-S

Back 79

β-blocker
β1 selective

Hint 79

betaxolol (ophth)

Front 80

ivabridine

Back 80

Funny-channel (HCN) blocker
reduces chronotropy w/o affecting QT interval

Hint 80

ivabridine (investigational drug: no brand name yet)

Front 81

Ranexa

Back 81

Late sodium-channel blocker
--> reduces sodium overload
--> reduces calcium overload
--> reduces abnormal contraction
Tx for classical angina

Thought to be a partial fatty acid metabolism inhibitor, but is not

May also inhibit K+ outward current --> prolong QT interval

Hint 81

ranolazine

Front 82

aspirin

Back 82

irreversible COX inhibitor
low-dose selective for COX-1

blocks formation of TxA2 (but not PgI2 so much)
reduces platelet aggregation by 20-30%
low-doses remain in portal circulation

Hint 82

aspirin

Front 83

Aggrenox

Back 83

anti-platelets
inhibits adenosine deaminase (major)
inhibits PDE 5 (minor)
+
irreversible COX inhibitor
low-dose selective for COX-1

Hint 83

dipyridamole / aspirin

Front 84

Persantin

Back 84

anti-platelet
inhibits adenosine deaminase (major)
inhibits PDE 5 (minor)

Hint 84

dipyridamole

Front 85

Pletal

Back 85

anti-platelet
inhibits PDE 3
Tx for intermittent claudication
inhibits platelet aggregation 10 to 30x greater than low dose aspirin

Hint 85

cilostazol

Front 86

Atromid-S

Back 86

fibric acid derivative

prodrug

No longer marketed - gall bladder and cardiovascular problems

Hint 86

clofibrate

Front 87

Baypress

Back 87

Ca2+channel blocker
2nd gen

Hint 87

nitrendipine

Front 88

Tridil

Back 88

nitrate
Tx for angina

Hint 88

nitroglycerin IV

Front 89

Isordil

Back 89

nitrate

more stable than mononitrate

Hint 89

isosorbide dinitrate

Front 90

Effient

Back 90

antiplatelet
ADP-receptor inhibitor

SE: headache, diarrhea, bleeding, increased cholesterol

Hint 90

prasugrel