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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is spontaneous/initial tolerance?
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Diminished response to drug compared to total population upon 1st exposure. Shifts ED50 rt. May be accompanied by de efficacy
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What is hyperractivity?
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Unexpected large response which may even be toxic upon 1st exposure. Shift ED50 lt. May inc efficacy
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How does hyperractivity differ from hypersensitivity?
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Hypersensitivity usullay involves immune response & prior exposure
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How is spontaneous & hypersensitivity distributed in a pop?
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May not be homogenous: result from genetic variation or # of receptors present
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What is acquired tolerance?
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A reduction in the magnitude of drug effect w/ repeated exposure; need to adminmore drug to obtain same effect. Shift ED50 rt, may dec efficacy
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What are the types od acquired tolerance?
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Dispositional & Pharmacodynamic
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What is dispostional tolerance?
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A reduction in drug effect as a result of a lowered drug concen @ receptor site (can change absorption, distribution, excretion, & metabolism)
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What is pharmacodynamic tolerance?
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Most common. A reduction in drug effect which is not ass w/ any measurable change in drug concen.Via down reg of receptors, change efficiency of drug-receptor coupling, *or change components distal to receptor
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What is tachyphylaxis?
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Occurs w/ spread exposure to drug, develops over short period of time, involves depletion of response mediators, may involve rapid conformational change in receptor
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What is cross tolerance?
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The devlopment of tolerance following admin of a 2nd drug. May result from dispostional or pharmacodynamic tolerance
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What is supersensitivity?
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Opposite of tolerance. An inc in mag of effect following repeat admin of drug. Shift ED50 lt, may inc efficacy, may inc mag to specific drug or wide range
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What are the possible mech of supersensitivity?
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Inc in density of receptors, altered membrane potential via Na/K pump,change adenylate cyclase or G-proteins, change intracell Ca
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What is dependence?
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A consequence of sustained exposure, adaptive changes occur->required presence of drug for normal fcn. Freq observed w/ tolerance (but can have 1 w/o other)
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What is Physical dependence?
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Extensive physiological disturbances upon abrupt discont of drug or admin of antag
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What is possibly involve in the mech for physical dependence?
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Adaptive ocmponents, postreceptor changes (enzymes activities, altered sensitivity or# of transmitter receptors, changes in neuronal membrane compostion)
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What is cross dependence?
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Substitution for another drug can maintain the dependent state in a physically dependent organism. Probably a fcn of specificity of adaptive changes. Can occur in psychic or physiologic depen
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What is psychic dependence?
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Drug produces a feeling of satisfaction or reduces psychic drive->need drug to achieve feeling. No ass w/ w/d syndrome
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