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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alphabet |
A set of a symbols used to build graphemes which represent the speech sounds or phonemes in a language.Alphabets contain letters |
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Coda |
In a rime, the part of the word that follows the vowel, a consonant (e.g., ai-nt, u-st, i-ll, e-t)67 |
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Consonant |
A speech sound made by restricting, either partially or fully, air as it moves through the vocal tract (e.g. /t/, /l/, /b/,/z/) |
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Consonant blend |
Two or more adjacent consonants in a syllable pronounced together in which each consonant retains its separate sound (e.g. tr,sl,str) Consonant cluster |
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Consonant digraph |
A consonant sound in which two letters represent a unique, new sound (e.g. sh,th) |
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Decode |
The convert the graphemes in a written word into its oral word |
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Deep alphabetic orthography |
An alphabetic system in which there is not a one-to-one relationship between phonemes and graphemes. Letters must be combined or their position manipulated to represent all the sounds in translating the spoken form to writing. The system is not learned quickly and has less consistency and more variability. Opaque alphabetic orthography |
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Derivational morpheme |
A meaningful word part that, when added to a word, changes the part of speech (e.g. -meant,-tion,-ly,-er,-or) |
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Diphthong |
A vowel sound that occurs with a combination of two vowels in one syllable. Diphthong vowels change or “glide” as they are pronounced (e.g. -oi) |
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Grapheme |
The visual, written representation of a speech sound or phoneme. It can be made up of one letter, as the a in car, or more than more letter, as the /a/ sound in eight |
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Inflection morpheme |
A meaningful word part that, when added to a word, changes tense or number (e.g. -ing, -es, -s, -ed) |
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Letter |
A written, visual symbol used to represent one or more sounds in speech |
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Morpheme |
The smallest unit of meaning in a language. This can be a whole word (e.g. elephant, egg) also called a free morpheme, or a word part that changes or adds to the meaning of a word, also called a bound morpheme |
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Nucleus |
The vowel in a syllable (e.g. the /a/ in cat) |
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Phoneme |
The smallest unit of sound in a spoken language that affects word meaning. Sometimes the number of phonemes in languages matches the number of graphemes and letters, and sometimes it does not. The word see has two phonemes but three letters and the word shop has three phonemes but four letters used to represent those |
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Prefix |
A meaningful word part added to the beginning of a word |
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Rime |
The part of the syllable with the vowel and all that comes after it (e.g. -at in cat, -ain in rain, -east in beast). It is often called a word family and sometimes a phonogram. The words rime and word family will be used interchangeably throughout the book. Word family Phonograph |
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R-controlled vowel |
A vowel or vowel digraph with an r (e.g. ar, ear, eer). The r sound influences the vowel’s pronunciation |
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Syllable |
A word or word part with at least one vowel made with one push of breath |
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Transparent (shallow) alphabetic orthography |
An alphabetic system in which there is a close match between the letters and graphemes and the sounds. The system is highly consistent and predictable and more quickly learned |
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Vowel |
A speech sound made by opening up the vocal track. It is an essential speech sound for each syllable or word. Long vowel sound: a tense vowel sound represented by the name of the letter-bait, see, fry, go, flute Short vowel sound: a lax vowel sound not represented by the name of the- cat, egg, it, otter, nut |
