Ph Final-Ss

Front 1

Vets Activity in Public Health:
-Help control ___
-Active in:
-Monitor and promote ___ ___
-Promote ___ ___ by supervising ___ ___ ___.

Back 1

-Zoonoses
-biomedical research that leads to treatments and cures in both animal and human dz
-food safety
-food security; animal production hygeine.

Front 2

Something that nourishes, sustains, or supplies nutrients that are used to maintain life and growth:

Back 2

Food

Front 3

Freedom from dz and injury

Back 3

Safety

Front 4

The availability of food and ones access to it:

Back 4

Food Security

Front 5

When a household's occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation:

Back 5

Food-Secure

Front 6

3rd most infectious cause of death in the world?

Back 6

Foodboorne

Front 7

Foodborne Dzs
-Affect ___ out of ___ Americans each yr.
-Cases:
-Hospitalizations:
-Deaths:
-Direct and Indirect costs:

Back 7

-1 out of 4
-81 mill
-350,000
-5000
-23 billion - 46 billion

Front 8

Foodborne Dz
-2 main problems:

Back 8

1. Many unrecognized or unreported (mild dz undetected, same pathogens in water and person to person)
GREATEST RIST (2.) Elderly, Children, Immunocompromised

Front 9

Incharge of Surveillance?
-programs involved?

Back 9

CDC
-FoodNet and Pulse Net

Front 10

In charge of Regulation:
1.
-
2.
-
3.

Back 10

1. FDA, CFSAN
-Domestic & Imported foods, the types not inspected by USDA, FSIS
2. USDA, FSIS
-Meat & Poultry, Egg
3. DOC, NMFS
-Most Fish

Front 11

What Active Surveillance was established in 1996?

Back 11

FoodNet

Front 12

What agencies are involved with FoodNet (Active Surveillance)?

Back 12

-CDC
-USDA
-FDA
-Select state health departments

Front 13

What percentage of US is monitored by FoodNet?

Back 13

13%
-Ca, Co, Cn, Ga, Maryland, Mn, NY, Or, Tn, NM

Front 14

Whats the bottom row in the burden of illness pyramid?

Back 14

Mild or asymptomatic

Front 15

Whats the Middle 2 rows in the burden of illness pyramid?

Back 15

bottom middle - Ill but medical attn not saught
top middle - Seen by GP or hospital Dr., but case not reported

Front 16

What is the top of the burden of illness pyramid?

Back 16

Reported

Front 17

Are more cases of illness reported in the active surveillance or passive surveillance?

Back 17

Active

Front 18

4 components of FoodNet
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 18

A "sentinel surveillance" system:
1. survey of clinical labs
2. survey of physicians
3. survey of populations
4. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks of E. coli O:157 (STEC), and Listeria monocytogenes

Front 19

____is an active ____-based Surveillance Program.

Back 19

FoodNet, Laboratory-based

Front 20

FoodNET
-how many labs? in how many states?
-what 3 types of cases get their own special active surveillance?
1.
2.
3.

Back 20

650 in 10 states
1. Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
2. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3. Toxoplasmosis Outbreaks

Front 21

How many estimated foodborne pathogens?

Back 21

250

Front 22

What classifies an outbreak?

Back 22

2 or more cases of a similar illness resulting from ingestion of a common food

Front 23

Whats the most common cause of a FB outbreak?

Back 23

Bacteria

Front 24

7 FB pathogens initially tracked in 1996:

Back 24

1.Campylobacter sp
2. Salmonella sp.
3. Shigella sp.
4. E. coli O:157 H7
5. Listeria monocytogenes
6. Vibrio sp
7. Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 25

Incidence Change from 96-98 to 2009:
Shigella:
Yersinia:
STEC O157:
Campylobacter:
Listeria:

Back 25

Shigella - 55% decrease
Yersinia 53% decrease
STEC O157 - 41% decrease
Campylobacter - 30% decrease
Listeria - 25% decrease

Front 26

Incidence Change from 96-98 to 2009
-Salmonella:
-Vibrio:
-Cryptosporidium:

Back 26

-Salmonella 10% decrease
-Vibrio - 85% INCREASE!
-Cryptosporidium - No change

Front 27

What causes HUS?

Back 27

STEC
(Hemolytoc uretic syndrom)

Front 28

Which surveillance program uses molecular fingerprinting w/ labs in over 45 states to identify the cause of FBI?

Back 28

PulseNet

Front 29

What type of surveillance program is PulseNet considered?

Back 29

Passive ( a survey type)
-Hospital discharges
-Outpatient treatment facilities

Front 30

what serves as an early warning system for outbreaks of FBI caused by E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeriosis?
-How?

Back 30

PulseNet
-DNA fingerprinting of bacteria that ids each bacteria using pulse - Gel electrophoresis (PGFE) of DNA frags cut by Endonucleases
-Patterns emaild to CDC and PH labs thruout US

Front 31

In 2006, what was the Nation-wide outbreak?
-Number of cases?
-Severity?

Back 31

-E. coli O157:H7 (STEP) in Spinach
-204
-104 hospitalized, 31 kidney failures (HUS), 3 dead
-States w/ confirmed illness = 28

Front 32

With E. coli, that average time from patient becoming ill to case confirmation in spinach outbreak of 06 was?

Back 32

less that 15 days

Front 33

In July 2010, what was the major outbreak?

Back 33

Salmonella Enteritidis.

Front 34

Requirements for Bacterial Growth
-
-
-
-
-
-
Replicate by:

Back 34

-Nutrients (carbs, protein)
-Acid (4.6 -7.0)
-Time (3-4h)
-Temp (40-140 F)
-Oxygen
-Moisture
-Replicate by binary fission

Front 35

4 Phases (in order) of bacterial growth curve:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 35

1. Lag
2. Log
3. Stationary
4. Death

Front 36

vapor pressure of a food divided by the vapor pressure of pure water:
-What is this a measure of?

Back 36

Water Activity
-measure of water availibility in the food

Front 37

Som microbes oligosaccharides in cell membran that help regulate what?

Back 37

Similarity of bacterial cell wall (osmotic conditions)

Front 38

-Most microbes require a water activity of ___ for growth.
-Molds can grow down to ___.

Back 38

-0.99
-0.80

Front 39

Microbes that have their best growth about 45 C:

Back 39

Thermophiles

Front 40

Microbes that have their best growth about 20-45 C:

Back 40

Mesophiles

Front 41

Microbes that tolerate growth up to about below 20 C

Back 41

Psychrophiles

Front 42

Microbes that have their best growth below 20 C:

Back 42

Psychrotrophic

Front 43

Obligate aerobe - requires?
-Anaerobe - requires?
-What may grow w/ or w/o free oxygen?

Back 43

-Req free oxygen
-req absence of free oxygen
-Facultative

Front 44

Factors responsible for FBI?
-1.
1.1
-
-
-
-MAJOR PROBLEM:
1.2
-
-
-BAD NEWS:

Back 44

1. Food Handling
1.1 Contamination
-multiple handling
-Food itself - meat
-by humans - feces
-BY X-CONTAMINATION - cutting boards!!!!
1.2 Temperature Abuse
-Poor refrigeration
-Inadequate cooking
-not below 40 F or above 145 F.......BAD NEWS

Front 45

Factors responsible for FBI
2.
2.1
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
-
-

Back 45

2. Changes in foods consumed
2.1 Consumer attitude
-MORE CONVENIENCE
-greater variety
-more "natural" foods
-lower costs
2.2 Product Trends - decreased due to the following:
-artificial ingredients
-preservatives; including nitrates, salt, and sugar
-cooking time

Front 46

Factors responsible for FBI
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Back 46

2.2 Processing Trends
-use of cheaper ingredients
-more processing and mixing
-greater refriigeration times
-longer shelf-life
-GREATER TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION DISTANCES - LARGE OUTBREAKS
-more vacuum packaging
-increased used of microwaving
-faster slaughter rates or chain speeds

Front 47

Factors responsible for FBI:
3.
3.1
-
-
-
-
3.2

Back 47

3. Changing Dz potentials
3.1 Foods most likely to change:
-poultry
-red meats
-seafood
-eggs
-All get further processing
3.2Greater chances for contamination

Front 48

Factors responsible for FBI
3.2 Changing DZ potentials
-The cause of increased or decreased potentials:
*
*
*
*
*
*

Back 48

3.2 Changing DZ potentials
-The cause of increased or decreased potentials:
*-+ the farm or feedlot - contaminated feed and environment (FOOD SECURITY?)
*+ Transportation - grouping, mixing and stressors of animals
*-Slaughter - HACCP
*-Processing - HACCP - Safe Food Handling Labels
*+distribution - time, temp and sanitation
*+CONSUMER - HYGIENE, SANITATION, HANDLING, PREPARATION & COOKING

Front 49

Prevention of FBI:
1.
-
-
-
2.
3.
4.

Back 49

1. Sanitation
-utensils - clean w/ soap and water
-sanitize - hotwater/chlorine solutions
-keep food covered and clean
2. AVOID X-CONTAMINATION- wash and sanitize cutting boards, knives, pans and hands
3. Cooking - varies but 170 F is adequate for meats
4. Regrigeration
-below 40 F
-prompt, w/in minutes
-small amounts (meats less than 2 in thick, liquids in quarts or less)

Front 50

Kills 100% of all living organisms:

Back 50

Sterilization

Front 51

Kills 100% of the vegetative microbes (not spores):

Back 51

Disinfection

Front 52

The removal of microbes from the surface:

Back 52

Cleaning

Front 53

To reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level:

Back 53

Sanitization

Front 54

How many vets that work for Federal govt in US military?

Back 54

3000

Front 55

How many vets are employed by the USDA - FSIS:
- in Texas:

Back 55

-1000
-200

Front 56

Public Health Regulatory Agency over meat poultry and processed eggs?

Back 56

FSIS

Front 57

What is the FSIS regulatory over?

Back 57

meat, poutry, processed eggs

Front 58

How many vet med officers are employed by FSIS?
-Inspectors?

Back 58

1000
-7400

Front 59

Whose mission:
"Ensuring that the nation's commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is safe, whoesome, and correctly labeled and packaged"

Back 59

FSIS

Front 60

How many animals slaughtered annualy?

Back 60

149 mill

Front 61

How many cx condemned annually?

Back 61

680, 000 (0.49%)

Front 62

1880: Texas cattle drives carrying what pathogen?

Back 62

Babesiosis (Texas Tick Fever)

Front 63

1890s: US exporting lots of meat to___

Back 63

Europe

Front 64

What significant legislation was passed in 1906?

Back 64

Meat Inspection Acct

Front 65

The Meat inspection act of 1906 included what:
-What inspired it

Back 65

Mandatory meat PM inspection
- The Jungle: Chicago slaughter houses

Front 66

What significant legislation passed in 1967?

Back 66

Wholesome Meat Act

Front 67

Terms of the Wholesome Meat Act of 1967:
-
-
-

Back 67

-State programs must be "equal to"
-State meats cant be exported out of state or country
-Mandatory AM inspection

Front 68

Exemptions to Inspection?

Back 68

Meats for personal use
-Nonamenable spp not subject to the FMIA
- Covered by FDA unless apply for voluntary USDA inspection

Front 69

What Qualifies a Pass for slaughter as a US Suspect?

Back 69

-cancer eye
-swellings, lameness
-Actinobacillosis and actinomycosis

Front 70

What qualifies a US Condemned?

Back 70

-CNS conditions
-Cachexia - poor BCS
-Dead or Moribund

Front 71

How are cattle deemed US Condemned handled?

Back 71

-Held for observation/testing/treatment
OR
Humanely killed and destroyed (ALL DOWN COWS)

Front 72

5 Reportable Dzs:

Back 72

-Vesicular dz
-CNS dz
-Brucellosis
-Screwworms
-Babesiosis

Front 73

Must Every Cx recieve Post Mortem Inspection?
Antemortem?

Back 73

Post -YES
ANte-NO

Front 74

How is animal Divided for post mortem inspection:

Back 74

Head
-Viscera
-Cx inspection

Front 75

What is Inspected in the head:

Back 75

-Lnn.
-masseters
-tongue

Front 76

What is inspected in the Viscera:

Back 76

-lung nodes
-heart
-bile duct
-liver
-reticulo-ruminal junction (hardware dz)
Intestines and spleen

Front 77

What are the Dispositions:
-
-
-
*

Back 77

-Inspected and Passed
-Inspected and Condemned
-Passed for
*Refrigeration, cooking, heating, in cooked comminuted product

Front 78

What is inspected in the Carcass:

Back 78

-Thoracic cavity, ab cavity, pelvic cavity
-they can keep bad parts segregated even tho its been taken apart
-kidneys and diaphragm

Front 79

Disposition:
-Septicemia or toxemia:

Back 79

CONDEMNED

Front 80

Disposition:
-Ersipelas
*Generalized Acute:
*Chronic:

Back 80

*Generalized Acute: CONDEMNED
*Chronic:Passed

Front 81

Disposition
-Actinobacillosis/ Actinomycosis
*Localised:
*Generalized:

Back 81

*Localised:Passed
*Generalized: CONDEMNED

Front 82

Disposition:
-Bruising
*Trimmable:
*Generalized:

Back 82

*Trimmable = Passed
*Generalized = CONDEMNED

Front 83

Disposition:
-Icterus:

Back 83

CONDEMNED

Front 84

Disposition:
-Injection Site Lesions:
*Implant Residue Tests:

Back 84

-CONDEMNED if withdrawal time not honored

Front 85

Have a higher risk for BSE and are considered inedible and must be removed from the carcasses and parts?

Back 85

Specified Risk Materials (SRMs)

Front 86

Product reinspection
-
-
-

Back 86

-processed products
-imported products
-exported products

Front 87

What is the #1 Killer in US?

Back 87

Salmonella

Front 88

What are the propensities for Groups of ppl paired w/ the pathogen according to dr jackass?

Back 88

YODIMs
-Young (E. coli)
-Old (Hep a)
-Diseased (Vibrio)
-Immunodeficient (Listeriosis)
-Malnourished (Salmonellosis)

Front 89

Non-Specific Barriers to Infections
-
-
-

Back 89

1. Parietal Cells of the Stomach
2. Lymphoid cells, M cells of intestine
3. Intestinal Microvilli

Front 90

What is a common thing you should KNOW and fing remember about salmonella as a Vet?

Back 90

Beta - Lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance is common

Front 91

What were the 4 pathogens shit for brains talked about?

Back 91

-Salmonellosis
-Campylobacteriosis
-Listeria monocytogenes
-E Coli