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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sediment
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Earth materials deposited by erosion.
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erosion
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The process by which water ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil.
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gravity
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A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill.
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deposition
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Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.
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mass movement
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Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill (ex. mudslide)
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runoff
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Water that flows OVER the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground.
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rill
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A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water.
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gully
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A large channel in soil formed by erosion.
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stream
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A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill.
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tributary
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A stream that flows into a larger stream.
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flood plain
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Wide valley through which a river flows.
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meander
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A loop-like bend in the course of a river.
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oxbow lake
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A meander cut off from a river.
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alluvial fan
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A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.
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delta
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A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.
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groundwater
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Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers.
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stalactite
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A calcite deposit that hangs DOWN from the roof of a cave.
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stalagmite
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A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds UP from the flower of a cave.
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karst topography
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A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns, and sinkholes.
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energy
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The ability to do work or cause change.
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potential energy
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Energy that is stored and available to be used later.
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kinetic energy
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The energy an object has due to its motion. (MOVEMENT)
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abrasion
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The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
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load
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The amount of sediment that a river or stream carries.
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friction
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The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
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turbulence
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A type of movement of water in which the water moves every which way (rather than just downstream).
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glacier
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A large mass of moving ice and snow on land.
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continental glacier
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A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.
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ice age
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Times in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth's surface.
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valley glacier
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A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley.
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plucking
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The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over land.
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till
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The sediments deposited directly by a glacier.
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moraine
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A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier.
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kettle
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A small depression (dent) that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till.
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headland
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A part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean.
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beach
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Wave-washed sediment along a coast.
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longshore drift
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The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming into shore at an angle.
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spit
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A beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the water.
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sand dune
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A deposit of wind-blown sand.
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deflation
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Wind erosion that removes surface materials.
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loess
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A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.
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