Ph 162A Lec 1: Timeline And History Of Microbiology

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"ring around the rosy" refers to

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Black Death (the plague-- rosy mark that would show up on people's skin)

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[1670-1720] This person is the first to visualize bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and algae

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Van Leeuwenhoek
*A draper who made small microscope
*Has no formal education
*desire to document his findings in letters to the Royal Society of London

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[1854] The birth of epidemiology was marked by the observation of

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John Snow

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What did John Snow do?

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**mapped where the cases of cholera in London were occurring

**First proof that cholera was transmitted primarily by contaminated water

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John Snow discovered that cholera occurred primarily in

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residents receiving water from one of the two water companies

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[1847-1867] The Era of Sanitation Begins: What happen during this era?

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**Antiseptic surgery and improved hygiene in hospitals

**pasteurization of milk

**Sewage treatment and water purification

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[1850-1900] Era of establishing Etiology of Bacterial Diseases begin. What was introduced?

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1. Bacteriology

2. the Henle-Koch postulates

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Henle-Koch postulates

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concept of a theory of how you prove that a microorganism is responsible for disease.
-how to grow and isolate certain bacteria

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[1892-1933] Era of Discovery of Viruses

What were discover during this time?

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*Discovery of filterable agents
*Discovery of the first cancer virus
*Discovery of bacteriophages

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[1892-1933] Era of Discovery of Viruses

What happened during this era that allows bacteriology to see virus?

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*development of electron microscope

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[1897] Era of vector control begins

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learn how animals transfer diseases to humans

e.g mosquitoes proven to transmit infections microorganisms (malaria, yellow fever)

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Vector control measures carried out in

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-Swamp drainage
-pesticides

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[1890-1954] Era of Vaccines Begins

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*smallpox vaccination
*development of first toxoid
*attenuated vaccines
-diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio

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[1900] Era of Rational use of antimicrobials begin

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*Antibiotics
*Rational use based on known mechanism of action e.g arsenic, penicillin

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[1975] After the the proclamation to close the book of infectious disease what happen?

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*Lyme disease was recognized
*Arthritis Hits

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[1976] Legionnaire's diseases strikes 182, kills 29

what is this disease?

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*common bacteria- an aquatic microbe, if the conditions and host are right, it can be deadly

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[1980] what is the toxic shock syndrome?

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a bug/microorganism multiplied in the tampon and multiply to produce fatal toxins

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[1980s] What is the gay compromise syndrome

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HIV/AIDS

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Helicobacter pylori was also discovered

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*common bacteria-- can be found in underground water
*89% of the ulcers were caused by this organism

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[1994] Flesh-eating Streptococcus organism

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*microbes that eats people
-antibiotic resistant, produce lots of toxins killing body tissue
*systematic-- can invade throughout the body, killing the person