Pgs 101 Ch. 4

Front 1

sensation

Back 1

the stimulation of sense organs

Front 2

perception

Back 2

the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input

Front 3

lens

Back 3

a transparent eye structure taht focuses the light rays falling on the retina

Front 4

nearsightedness

Back 4

close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry

Front 5

farsightedness

Back 5

distant objects are seen clearly but close objects appear blurry

Front 6

pupil

Back 6

the opening in the center of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of the eye

Front 7

retina

Back 7

the neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye; it absorbs light, processes images and sends visual info to the brain

Front 8

cones

Back 8

specialized visual receptors taht play a key role in daylightvision and color vision

Front 9

fovea

Back 9

a tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cones; visual acuity is greatest at this spot

Front 10

rods

Back 10

specialized visual receptors that play a key role in night vision and peripheral vision

Front 11

dark adaptation

Back 11

the process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

Front 12

light adaptation

Back 12

the process in which the eyes become less sensitvie to light in high illumination

Front 13

receptive field of a visual cell

Back 13

the retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of that cell

Front 14

feature detectors

Back 14

neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli

Front 15

subtractive color mixing

Back 15

works by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light than was originally there

Front 16

additive color mixing

Back 16

works by superimposing lights, putting more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself

Front 17

color blindness

Back 17

encompasses a variety of deficiencies in the abiliy to distinguish among colors

Front 18

complementary colors

Back 18

pairs of colors that produce gray tones when mixed together

Front 19

afterimage

Back 19

a visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed

Front 20

opponent process theory

Back 20

holds that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonist responses to three pairs of colors

Front 21

reversible figure

Back 21

a drawing that is compatible with two different interpretations that can shift back and forth

Front 22

a perceptual set

Back 22

a readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way

Front 23

feature analysis

Back 23

the process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form

Front 24

bottom-up processing

Back 24

a progression from individual elements to the whole

Front 25

top-down processing

Back 25

a progression from the whole to the elements

Front 26

the phi phenomenon

Back 26

the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession

Front 27

depth perception

Back 27

involves interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

Front 28

binocular depth cues

Back 28

clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

Front 29

retinal disparity

Back 29

refers to the fact that objects within 25 feet project images to slightly different locations on the right and left retinas, so the right and left eyes see slightly different views of the object

Front 30

monocular depth cues

Back 30

clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

Front 31

pictorial depth cues

Back 31

cues about distance taht can be given in a flat picture

Front 32

perceptual constancy

Back 32

tendency to experience a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input

Front 33

a visual illusion

Back 33

involves an apparently inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality

Front 34

impossible figures

Back 34

objects taht can be represented in two-dimensional pictures but cannot exist in three-dimensional space

Front 35

cochlea

Back 35

fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing

Front 36

basilar membrane

Back 36

runs the length of the spiraled cochlea, holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells

Front 37

gustatory system

Back 37

sensory system for taste

Front 38

sensory adaptation

Back 38

a gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation

Front 39

olfactory system

Back 39

sensory system for smell

Front 40

place theory

Back 40

perception of pitch corresponds to the vibrations of different portions, or places, along the basilar membrane

Front 41

frequency theory

Back 41

perception of pitch corresponds to the rate, or frequency, at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates