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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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precursors to psychology
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philosophy - why?
physiology - how? |
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wundt
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german; 1st psy lab/journal
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G. Stanley Hall
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american; 1st psy lab/journal; founded APA
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titchner
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started structuralism with wundt
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james
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started functionalism with Hall
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watson
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behaviorism study of human behavior; stimuli - response model
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rogers
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came up with humanistic and phenomenal field
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maslow
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came up with hierarchy of human needs
self actualization esteem love/belonging safety physiological (breating eating etc) |
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structuralism
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study of structure of consciousness
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functionalism
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study of functions of consciousness (why do we have these thoughts)
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correlation coefficient
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ranges from -1.00 to 1.00; positive relationship - one response goes up, other goes down; positive - they move together
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gestalt psychology
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object as a whole is different than the sum of its parts
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psychoanalysis
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study of psychological functioning and behavior; 3 applications: 1) a method of investigation of the mind; 2) a systematized set of theories about human behavior; and 3) a method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness
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biological psychology
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uses biology principles to study behavior and mental processes
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evolutionary psychology
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uses adaptation and natural selection and sexual selection
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cognitive revolution
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'50's combined psychology, anthropology, and linguistics
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qualitative research
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used when you want to explore people's opinions or attitudes; questionnaires or interviews would be used; correlations
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quantitative research
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dealing with numbers; MEASURING SOMETHING
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case study
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used to study unusual/infrequent phenomena; tests using interviews, obsercation, records
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median, mode
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median - middle number
mode - most frequent response |
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independent and dependent variables
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independent - what the experiment changes
dependent - what is affected by the IV |
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p value
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significance; n = number of subjects per group; N = total number of subjects in experiment
p less than .05 = significantly different p = .05 - .1 = marginally significant p greater than .1 = not significant |
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phrenology
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curvature of head was basis of personality traits and brain power; brain size has to do with knowledge
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glia cells
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provide structure and insulation; squishy cushion
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neurons
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receive, integrate, transmit info; surrounded by glia cells; resting potential: -70 mV
action potential: more + charge causes firing |
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absolute refractory period
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axon will not fire for this time after firing
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postsynaptic potentials
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voltage changes at receptor cite;
excintatory (more +) less likely to fire inhibitory (more -) less likely too fire |
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reuptake
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neurotransmitters are sponged up
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enzyme activation
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neurotransmitters are broken down
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agonists
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excite by: mimicking or blocking reuptake
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antagonists
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they inhibit by: inhibiting release or blocking receptors
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central nervous system
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nerves in brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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the rest of them
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afferent fibers
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going TO the brain
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efferent fibers
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Exiting brain
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autonomic NS
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to/from autonomic functions
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sympathetic NS
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mobilizes resources - fight or flight response when something happens
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parasympathetic NS
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conserves resources when everything is normal
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lower brain stem and cerebellum
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basic life functions and drives; memory and emotion
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higher cerebral hemisphere
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functions via neural networks;perception, thought and language
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thalamus
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all sensory info goes through here
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hypothalamus
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regulates 4 F's - fighting, fleeing, feeding, fucking
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limbic system
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houses emotional pleasure centers
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cerebral cortex
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judgment; more surface area, the more we can do
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corpus callosum
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connects right and left hemispheres
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plasticity of brain
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recognize neural pathways based on new experiences; throughout lifetime;
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left hemisphere
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verbal - writing speaking comprehension, logic
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right hemisphere
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non verbal - art, recognition of faces, special relations, multitasking
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chromosomes
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structure of DNA;
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DNA
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contains genes;
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monogenetic
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trait determined by one set of genes
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sensation vs perception
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sensation - actual stimuli
perception - how it is interpreted |
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sensory adaptation
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when constant stimulus is blocked out
ex: when you hear ringing all the time, you eventually stop noticing it |
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distal stimuli
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actual stimuli outside of the body
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proximal stimuli
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the energy placed on your sensory receptors
EX: light waves |
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perceptual hypotheses
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hypotheses about what you're smelling, hearing, etc
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vision
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stimulus - light waves
amplitude - height/brightness wavelength - frequency, length, hue spectrum between 300 and 750 nm purity - saturation of color lens - focuses image on retna rods - night and peripheral vision cones - daylight and color vision fovia - tiny spot at center |
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perceptual consistency
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rationalize when things seem to change
ex: not freaking out when color fades; dog gets closer so growing |
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outer ear
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pinna - sound collecting cone
ear canal |
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middle ear
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ossicles: hammer anvil, stirrup; 3 smallest bones
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inner ear
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cochlea - structure filled with liquid
basilar membrane (celia) |
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gustatory system
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stimuli - soluble chemicals
receptors - taste buds - each have paillae 4 primary tastes - sweet, sour, bitter, salty |
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olfactory system
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soluble chemicals
olfactory celia - tiiny hair cells |
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tactile system
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thermal energy, chemical, mechanical
nerve cells |
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kinesthetic system
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monitors location and position of body parts
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vestibular system
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sense of balance
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