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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diagnostic methods in gynecology
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• History
• Clinical examination • Microbiology • Serology • Oncology, biopsy • Morphology • Endoscopy |
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history taking
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- family/genetic factors
- personal: BP, BMI etc - gynecological - obstetrics - status present - sexual life |
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gynecological examination
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- palpation
- speculi - per rectum |
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lowest part of abdominal cavity
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cavum Douglasi
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pre-bioptic examinations
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- colposcopy
- native coloscopy |
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expanded coloscopy
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• acetic acid – differentiation of squamous and cylindric epithelium – change of the color and transparence
• Shiller’s examination – Lugol’s dilution – squamous epithelium is brown, cylindric epithelium or erosiona are non-colored |
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Shiller’s examination
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Lugol’s dilution – squamous epithelium is brown, cylindric epithelium or erosiona are non-colored
o Normal epithelium is browm o Pathological epithelium is iodine negative → yellow zones |
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Functional cytology
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• Changes in the epithelium during the menstrual cycle
• Diagnostic of the menstrual cycle disorder |
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Oncological cytology
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- H&E
-pap smear |
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cytologic criteria for smear from cervix
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dyskariosis, pignotic, plasmatic: changes in color, presence of vacoules
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Classification of the onclological cytology – Bethesda system
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• SIL – squamous intraepithelial lesion
• LSIL • HSIL • ASCUS (atypical squamous cell of uncertain significance) → means that it could not be evaluated due to infection etc. Repeated examination should be done • HPV infection |
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Mammograph screening programme
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from 45 years – every 24 months – event. US
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Cysts are well evaluated by
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US
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abdominal US is used for
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o Pediatric gynecology
o Abdominal tumors, ascites |
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vaginal ultrasound is used for
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o Small pelvis pathology
o Ectopic pregnancy o Tumors of the ovaries and uterus |
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Endoscopical methods
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• Vaginoscopy
• Hysteroscopy • Laparoscopy • Cystoscopy |
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vaginoscopy is used most frequently in who
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young girls
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laparoscopy
1) procedure 2) risk |
1) Puncture of abdominal cavity near umbilicus → fill abdominal cavity with CO2 → enlarged cavity protect bolus and big vessels
2) Risk of perforation of hypogstric arteries |
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methods in urogynecology
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• History
• Clinics • Laboratory testing • Morphology • Endoscopy • Urodynamics |
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normal urinary outflow
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30-40 mL/sec
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cystometry
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o measuring of pressure and volume in bladder
o decribes function of bladder in the filling phase |
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measurement of urethral pressures
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examinating closure mechanism (sphincter)
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Invasive diagnostic and treatment methods
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• dilatation of the cervix
• curretage • punction of Douglas space (obsolete → replaced by laparoscopy) >> could be preformed simultaneously with ultrasound control • biopsy of the cervix • biopsy of the vulva (skin and mucosa) |
