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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the reasons for ordering pulmonary function tests?
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Screen for presence of disease
Evaluate prior to surgery. Evaluate condition for ventilator discontinuance. Documentation of disease progression and evaluate effectiveness of therapy. Studying the effects of exercise on patients lung function |
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Total Lung Capacity-TLC
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A combination of all the lung volumes. Total amount of gases that the lungs can hold.
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Inspiratory Capacity-IC
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Maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation
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Vital Capacity-VC
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Maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation or the maximal volume that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation
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Functional Residual Capacity-FRC
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Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume-IRV
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Volume of gas that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.
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Reserve Volume-RV
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The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation (can only be measured indirectly)
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Lung Volumes and Capacities
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Normal
Obstructed Obstructed with hyperinflation Obstructed with hyperexpansion Restriction |
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Slow Vital Capacity-SVC
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The volume of gas measured on a slow, complete exhalation without an initial or forced or rapid effort (4.8L). Includes measurements of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume used in static measurements
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Forced Vital Capacity-FVC
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The volume of gas that can be exhaled as rapidly, forcefully, and completely as possible after a maximal inhalation
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Tidal Volume-Vt
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The volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath.
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Expiratory Reserve Volume-ERV
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The volume of air exhaled after a normal expiration.
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What causes RV to be decreased or increased?
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Increased in obstructive.
Decreased in restrictive. |
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What causes FRC to be decreased or increased?
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Increased in obstructive.
Decreased in restrictive. |
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What causes TLC to be decreased or increased?
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Increased in obstructive.
Decreased in restrictive. |
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What methods are used to obtain FRC, RV, & TLC?
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Helium Dilution Test
Nitrogen Washout Test Body Plethysmography |
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What does FEF 25-75% evaluate and when would it be decreased?
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The avg. flowrate achieved during the middle of the FVC. Decreased in obstructive disease and associated with small airway obstructions.
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How can PEFR be measured?(2 ways)
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FVC or Peak Flowmeter
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Know calculation of FEV1/FVC Ratio(FEV1%) What causes this to decrease?
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FEV1/FVC x 100 = FEV1%
Obstructive disease |
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What is the best indicator to distinguish between obstructive and restrictive disease?
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FEV1%
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What does MVV measure? What causes it to decrease?
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Overall lung function, muscular mechanics of breathing, VRC & air trapping Decreased in obstructive disease, increased airway resistance,muscle weakness, decreased compliance, and poor pt. effort.
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How long should the MVV test be done for?
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12-15 seconds
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What are the charatericstics of an obstructive disease?
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Characterized by the inability to exhale as quickly as norma due to reduced expiratory flows and airway resistance
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Which 5 diseases are considered to be obstructive?
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Cystic Fibrosis
Bronchitis Asthma Bronchiectasis Emphysema |
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What are the charatericstics of a restrictive disease?
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Chacterized by the inability to inhale as much as normal due to decreased volumes
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Identify the severity of a disease?
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Normal : 80-100% of predicted value
Mild : 60-79% of predicted value Moderate : 40-59% of predicted value Severe : < 40% of predicted value |
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What factors determine the predicted values? Which one is the most important?
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Age, Gender, Height, Ideal Body Weight , Race
Height is most important |
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Calculate the percent predicted.
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actual/predicted x 100
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Determine the best test given certain values.
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Highest FVC plus FEV1
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What is the purpose of doing before and after bronchodilator studies?
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Used to determine the reversability of obstractive lung disease and the effectiveness of the bronchodilator.
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Calculate the percentage of improvement. What percentage would suggest significant reversability of the disease?
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(Post TV - PreTV)÷PreTVx100
≥ 15% are considered significant . |
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What is the purpose of a Methacholine Challenge test and when is the test positive?
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Determines the reactivity of the airway to methacholine. Positive if makes Pt. have bronchospasms.
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What does FEF 200-1200 evaluate and when would it be decreased?
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To determine the avg flowrate from the FVC.
Decreased in Obstructive disease and associated with large airway obstructions. |
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What is the PEFR used to evaluate and when would it be decreased?
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Used to evaluate pt's pre & post bronchodilator to evaluate the efeectiveness of the treatment.
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