Pesticides And Others (Ogden)

Front 1

Pentachlorophenol fall under what category of pesticides?

Back 1

fungicide

Front 2

Pentachlorophenol
absorption

Back 2

*rapid, skin, GIT, lungs
*oils/hydrocarbon solvents --> readily absorbed

Front 3

Pentachlorophenol
*Metabolism
*Excretion

Back 3

*Conjugate w/ glucoronic acid --> glucuronides --> urine
* in lipids = lost within 1 week

Front 4

Pentachlorophenol
MOA

Back 4

Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
*fever
*increased O2 consumption
*decreased ATP formation

Front 5

Pentachlorophenol
Acute toxicity

Back 5

increased BP
hyperperistalsis
***Newborn pigs = wood treated floors***

Front 6

Pentachlorophenol
Chronic toxicity

Back 6

*↓ thyroxine levels
*↓ milk production
*Villus hyperplasia of bladder in dairy

Front 7

Pentachlorophenol
Treatment

Back 7

*Supportive
*Rehydrate = balanced electrolyte solutions

Front 8

Phospine falls under what category of pesticides?

Back 8

Fumigants

Front 9

Phospine: how does animal get infected?

Back 9

Release of PH3 gas in presence of moisture over time

Front 10

Phospine
clinical signs

Back 10

Respiratory effects + nausea, headache

Front 11

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
*what kind of pesticide?
*C.S.

Back 11

*fungicide
*Prophyria, photosentization; Hepatomegaly

Front 12

Dithiocarbamates
*what kind of pesticide?
*C.S.

Back 12

*fungicide
*Reproductive toxicity, teratogenic

Front 13

Phthalimides
*what kind of pesticide?
*C.S.

Back 13

*fungicide
*Teratogenic, Mutagenic potential

Front 14

Dibromide & Dibromochloropropane
*what kind of pesticide?
*C.S.

Back 14

*fungicide
*carcinoma, reproductive & mutagenic, liver necrosis

Front 15

Definition of Herbicide

Back 15

Chemical designed to eliminate or kill vegetation or other plant life

Front 16

Herbicide signs/lesions

Back 16

non-specific

Front 17

Phenoxy Herbicides (name 1)

Back 17

Agent Orange: 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T

Front 18

2,4-D
*Absorption
*Distribution

Back 18

*stomach and SI (limited dermal)
*protein bound, rapid dis. to liver kidney brain

Front 19

2,4-D
Metabolism

Back 19

hydrolysis
conjugated to glycine or taurine

Front 20

2,4-D
Excretion

Back 20

Tubular secretion/organic anion transport
Major portion unchanged
**K9 excretion very slow

Front 21

Phenoxy Herbicides
MOA

Back 21

*depress ribonuclease synthsis
*Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
*Increase # or hepatic peroxisomes
*alter/affect muscle membranes

Front 22

Phenoxy Herbicides
GI tract

Back 22

*Cattle: bloat, rumen stasis, atony, diarrhea
*swine: salivation
*dogs: bloody feces

Front 23

Phenoxy Herbicides
Neuromuscular

Back 23

Dogs: myotoxia, clonic spasms, posterior weakness

Front 24

Phenoxy Herbicides
Lesions

Back 24

oral ulcers
epicardial hemorrhage
hydropericardium
mesenteric nodes/vessels large
kidney probs

Front 25

Phenoxy Herbicides
Treatment

Back 25

Bathe: soap/water
Supportive
IV fluids
Monitor renal func (BUN, creat.)

Front 26

Phenoxy Herbicides
public health issues (causes what disease conditions?)

Back 26

Both from 2,4-D exposure
*NonHodgkin's lymphoma
*K9 Malignant Lymphoma

Front 27

2 examples of Dipyridyl Herbicides

Back 27

*Paraquat
*Diquat

Front 28

Common names for Diquat drugs

(so if u see a drug that is not one of these, it is a paraquat)

Back 28

*Aquacide
*Dextrone
*Ortho Diquat
*Reglone

Front 29

Dipyridyl Herbicides
How are they inactivated?

Back 29

Rapidly/completely in soil by bacterial activity

Front 30

Dipyridyl Herbicides
MOA

Back 30

*↓ by NADPH; Electron transfer from paraquat to oxygen
*Singlet O- rxs w/ lipids -->lipid hydroperoxides
*lipid free radical production

Front 31

Paraquat concentrates where in the body and in what concentration?

Back 31

Lungs
10x

Front 32

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Excretion

Back 32

mostly unchanged in urine

Front 33

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Absorption

Back 33

Oral < 20 %
Dermal < 10%

Front 34

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Acute

Back 34

*Respiratory signs
*Death

Front 35

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Subacute

Back 35

Signs develop after 1 wk -- worsen for up to 3 wks

Front 36

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Chronic

Back 36

Progressive pulmonary fibrosis and increasing respiratory distress

Front 37

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Detox

Back 37

Bentonite/Fullers earth

Front 38

Dipyridyl Herbicides
Antidotes

Back 38

*Orgotein(super oxide dismutase)
*Acetylcysteine
*Ascorbic acid

Front 39

Atrazine
*What group is it in?
*What does it cause?

Back 39

*Triazines
*Mammary tumor, reproductive effects (reduction)

Front 40

Monosodium Methanearsonate (MSMA)
*organic form of __________
*acute toxicity causes ________

Back 40

*arsenic
*severe gastritis

Front 41

Endothall
*what group?
*absorbs well in what body parts?
*sign(s) of toxicity

Back 41

*herbicide, algicide
*skin, GI
*cardiomyopathy, skin, eyes, mm. convulsions

Front 42

Creosote
what type of mixture is it?

Back 42

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture

Front 43

Creosote causes:

Back 43

*skin cancer
*dermal pigmentation
*irritant

Front 44

Sodium chlorate
*what group?
*mechanism
*sign of toxicity

Back 44

*herbicide
*strong oxidant (mechanism)
*Brown urine

Front 45

Sodium chlorate
treatment

Back 45

*decontaminate
*O2
*Sodium thiosulfate
*Methylene blue

Front 46

Piperonyl Butoxide
MOA

Back 46

inhibits enzymatic degradation

Front 47

Piperonyl Butoxide
Sources

Back 47

*N-methyl carbamates
*Rotenone
*Pyrethrins

Front 48

Relay toxicosis

Back 48

Passing a toxicosis to the next creature that eats you

Front 49

Anticoagulant Rodenticides
2 derivatives

Back 49

*Coumarins
*Indanediones

Front 50

Coumarin derivatives

Back 50

*Warfarin
*Brodifacoum
*Dicoumarol

Front 51

Indanedione derivatives

Back 51

*Pindone
*Diphacinone
*Chlorophacinone

Front 52

First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Back 52

*Warfarin
*Pindone
*Dicoumarol
(usually need repeat feedings)

Front 53

Anticoagulant Rodenticides
MOA

Back 53

Competitively inhibit Vitamin K epoxide reductase

Front 54

Anticoagulants
*Absorption
*Distribution

Back 54

*high (90%)
*protein binding

Front 55

Anticoagulants
Potentiation

Back 55

*Sulfonamides (reduce/inhibit Vit K synthesis)
*Phenylbutyzone/Sulfonamides (Displace anticoagulants)

Front 56

Which is more susceptible to Anticoagulants -- ruminants or monogastrics?

Back 56

Monogastrics