Personnel Psychology Ch 1-2

Front 1

Industrial organizational Psychology

Back 1

The application of psychological principles, theory and research to the work setting.

Front 2

Personnel Psychology

Back 2

Field of psychology that addresses issues such as recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, promotion, transfer, and termination.

Front 3

Organizational psychology

Back 3

Field of psychology that combines research from social psychology and organizational behavior and addresses the emotional and motivational side of work.

Front 4

Human engineering or human factors psychology

Back 4

The study of the capacities and limitations of humans with respect to a particular environment.

Front 5

Scientist practitioner model.

Back 5

A model that uses scientific tools and research in the practice of I-O psychology.

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Telecommuting

Back 6

Accomplishing work tasks from a distant location using electronic communication media.

Front 7

Hawthorne studies

Back 7

Research done at the Hawthorne, Illinois plant of the Western Electric company that began as attempts to increase productivity by manipulating lighting, rest breaks, and work hours. This research showed the important role that workers' attitudes played in productivity.

Front 8

Human Relations Movement

Back 8

The results of the Hawthorne studies ushered in this movement, which focused on work attitudes and the newly discovered emotional world of the worker.

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Culture

Back 9

A system in which individuals share meanings and common ways of viewing events and objects

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West versus the Rest mentality

Back 10

Tendency for researchers to develop theories relevant to U.S. situations, with less concern given to their applicability in other countries.

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Expatriate

Back 11

Manager or professional assigned to work in a location outside of his or her home country.

Front 12

Collectivist culture

Back 12

A culture that values the group more than the individual

Front 13

Individualist culture

Back 13

A culture that values the individual more than the group

Front 14

Individualism/collectivism

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The degree to which individual are expected to look after themselves versus remain in integrated into groups.

Front 15

Horizontal culture

Back 15

A culture that minimizes distances between individuals.

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Vertical culture

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A culture that accepts and depends upon distances between individuals.

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Science

Back 17

Approach that involves the understanding, prediction, and control of some phenomenon of interest.

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Hypothesis

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Prediction about relationships among variables of interest.

Front 19

Disinterestedness

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Characteristic of scientists who should be objective and uninfluenced by biases or prejudices when conducting research.

Front 20

Research design

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Provides the overall structure or architecture for the research study: allows investigators to conduct scientific research on a phenomenon of interest. 58

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Experimental design

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Participants are randomly assigned to different conditions. 58

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Non experimental design

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Does not include any treatment or assignment to different conditions. 58

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Observational design

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The research observes employee behavior and systematically records what is observed. 59

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Survey design

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Research strategy in which participants are asked to complete a questionnaire or survey. 59

Front 25

Quantitative methods

Back 25

Rely on tests rating scales questionnaires and physiological measures and yield numerical results.

Front 26

Qualitative methods

Back 26

Rely on observation, interview, case study, and analysis of diaries or written documents and produce flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events or processes.

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Introspection

Back 27

Early scientific method in which the participant was also the experimenter, recording his or her experiences in completing an experimental task: considered very subjective by modern standards

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Triangulation

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Approach in which researchers seek converging information from different sources. 61

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Experimental control

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Characteristic of research in which possible confounding influences that might make results less reliable or harder to interpret are eliminated; often easier to establish laboratory studies than in field studies. 64

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Statistical control

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using statistical techniques to control for the influence of certain variable. Such control allows researcher to concentrate exclusively on the primary relationships of interest. 64

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Descriptive statistics

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Summarize organize and describe a sample of data 68

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Measure of central tendency

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Statistic that indicates where the center of a distribution is located Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. 68

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Variablility

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The extent to which scores in a distribution vary. 68

Front 34

Skew

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The extent to which scores in a distribution are lopsided or tend to fall on the left or right side of the distribution. 68

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mean

Back 35

The arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution obtained by summing all the scores in a distribution and dividing by the sample size 68

Front 36

Mode

Back 36

the most common or frequently occurring score in a distribution. pg 68

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Median

Back 37

The middle score in a distribution pg 68

Front 38

Inferential staticstics

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used to aid the researcher in testing hypotheses and making inferences from sample data to a larger sample or population. pg 70

Front 39

Statistical significance

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Indicates that the probability of the observed statistic is less than the stated significance level adopted by the researcher. A statistically significant finding indicates that, if the null hypothesis were true, the results found are unlikely to occur by chance, and the null hypothesis is rejected. pg 70

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Statistical power

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The likelihood of finding a statistically significant difference when a true difference exists. pg 71

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Measurement

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Assigning numbers to characteristics of individuals or objects according to rules. pg 71

Front 42

Correlation coefficient

Back 42

Statistic assessing the bivariate, linear association between two variables. Provides information about both the magnitude and the direction of the relationship between two variables. pg 72

Front 43

Scatterplot

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graph used to plot the scatter of scores on two variables; used to display the correlation relationship between two variables. pg 72

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regression line

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Straight line that best "fits" the scatter plot and describes the relationship between the variables in the graph; can also be presented as an equation that specifies where the line intersects the vertical axis and what the angle or slope of the line is. pg 72

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Linear

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Relationship between two variables that can be depicted by a straight line

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Nonlinear

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Relationship between two variables that cannnot be depicted by a straight line; sometimes called "curvilinear" and most easily identified by examining a scatter plot. pg 73

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Multiple correlation coefficient

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Statistic that represents the overall linear association between several variables. on the one hand and a single variable on the other hand. pg 74

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Meta analysis

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Statistical method for coming and analyzing the results from many studies to draw a general conclusion about relationships among variables. pg 76

Front 49

Statistical artifacts

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characteristics of a particular study that distort the observed results. Researchers can correct for artifacts to arrive at a statistic that represents the 'true' relationship between the variables of interest. pg 76

Front 50

Micro research

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the study of individual behavior

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macro research

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The study of collective behavior pg 77

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meso research

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The study of the interaction of individual and collective behavior. pg 77

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Relability

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Consistency or stability of a measure. pg 79

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validity

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The accurateness of inferences made based on test or performance data; also addresses whether a measure accurately and completely represents what was intended to be measured. pg 79

Front 55

Equivalent forms relability

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Calculated by correlating measurements from a sample of individuals who complete two different forms of the same test. pg 81

Front 56

Internal consistency

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Form of reliability that assesses how consistently the items of a test measure a single construct; affected by the number of items in the test and the correlations among the test items. pg 81

Front 57

Generalizability theory

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A sophisticated approach to the question of reliability that simultaneously considers all types of error in reliability estimates test retest equivalent forms and internal consistency. pg 82

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Predictor

Back 58

The test chosen or developed to assess attributes identified as important for successful job perfomance

Front 59

Criterion

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An outcome variable that describes important aspects or demands of the job; the variable that we predict when evaluating the validity of a predictor

Front 60

Criterion related validity

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Validity approach that is demonstrated by correlating a test score with a performance measure; improves researchers confidence in the inference that people with higher test scores have higher performance

Front 61

Validity coefficient

Back 61

Correlation coefficient between a test score and a performance measure. pg 83