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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality Trait
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A DURABLE DISPOSITION to BEHAVE in a PARTICULAR WAY across a variety of situations
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Five Factor Model - Traits
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NEUROTICISM
EXTRAVERSION OPENNESS to experience AGREEABLENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS |
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Big Five Traits - Predict Life Outcomes....
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GRADES
OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT DIVORCE HEALTH MORTALITY |
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FREUD
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PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
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PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
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PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
- ID - EGO - SUPEREGO |
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ID
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Instinctive Component
Follows PLEASURE PRINCIPLE |
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EGO
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Decision Making Component
Follows REALITY PRINCIPLE |
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SUPEREGO
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Moral Component
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THREE LEVELS OF AWARENESS
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CONSCIOUS
PRECONSCIOUS UNCONSCIOUS |
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CONSCIOUS
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Current Awareness
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PRECONSCIOUS
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Material just beneath the surface of awareness
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UNCONSCIOUS
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Material well below the surface of awareness
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Sex & Aggression
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likely to lead to SIGNIFICANT ANXIETY
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Anxiety & other Unpleasant Emotions
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Warded of by DEFENCE MECHANISMS
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DEFENCE MECHANISMS
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work through SELF-DECEPTION
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5 PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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ORAL
ANAL PHALLIC LATENCY GENITAL |
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ORAL
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Age - 0 - 1
Erotic Focus - MOUTH (sucking, biting) Key Tasks/Experiences - Weaning (from breast/bottle) |
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ANAL
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Age - 2 - 3
Erotic Focus - Anus (expelling/retaining faeces) Key Tasks/Experiences - Toilet Training |
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PHALLIC
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Age - 4 - 5
Erotic Focus - Genitals (masterbating) Key Tasks/Experiences - Identifying with adult role models; coping with Oedipal Complex |
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OEDIPAL COMPLEX
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Children manifest erotically tinged desires towards their opposite sex parent and feelings of hostility towards their same sex parent
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LATENCY
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Age - 6 - 12
Erotic Focus - None (sexually repressed) Key Tasks/Experiences - Expanding social contacts |
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GENITAL
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Age - Puberty onwards
Erotic Focus - Genitals (being sexually intimate) Key Tasks/experiences - Establishing intimate relationships; contributing to society through working |
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PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
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Can shape subsequent ADULT PERSONALITY
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CARL JUNG'S THEORY
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ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
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ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
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emphasises UNCONSCIOUS DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
- Personal - Collective |
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PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
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same as Freud's version of UNCONSCIOUS
(material well below the surface of awareness) |
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COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
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Storehouse of LATENT MEMORY TRACES - from people's ancestral past
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memories consist of ARCHETYPES
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Emotionally charged thought forms, with universal meaning
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ALFRED ADLER'S THEORY
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INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
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INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
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emphasises how SOCIAL FOCUSES SHAPE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
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STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY
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foremost motivational force
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PERSONALITY DISTURBANCES
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Excessive inferiority that prevent normal process of striving for superiority
Can result in over compensation |
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SKINNER'S THEORY
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
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OPERANT CONDITIONING (skinner)
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Not meant to be about personality - but has been applied to personality
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PERSONALITY VIEWED AS
(skinner) |
a collection of response tendencies, tied to specific situations
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (skinner)
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Lifelong process in which response tendencies are shaped by reinforcement
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BANDURA'S THEORY
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SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
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SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
(bandura) |
emphasises how cognitive factors shape personality
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OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
(bandura) |
Largely shapes people's response tendencies
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SELF EFFICACY (bandura)
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one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviours that should lead to expected outcomes
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MISCHEL'S THEORY
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY (mischel)
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emphasises how people behave differently in different situations
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PERSON vs SITUATION (mischel)
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both are important determinants of behaviour
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CARL ROGERS'S THEORY
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PERSON-CENTRED THEORY
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PERSON CENTRED THEORY (rogers)
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Focuses on self-concept
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SELF-CONCEPT (rogers)
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a collection of subjective beliefs about one's nature
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INCONGRUENCE (rogers)
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DEGREE OF DISPARITY between ones self-concept and one's actual experiences
fostered by CONDITIONAL LOVE |
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UNCONDITIONAL LOVE (rogers)
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fosters CONGRUENCE
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INCONGRUENCE leads to (rogers)
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RECURRENT ANXIETY
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ABRAHAM MASLOW'S THEORY
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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS (maslow)
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human needs organised into HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused. |
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SELF-ACTUALISATION (maslow)
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Top of the HIERARCHY OF NEEDS.
Is the need to fulfil one's potential Those who self-acutalise have very healthy personalities. |
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EYSENCK'S THEORY
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HIERARCHY OF TRAITS
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HIERARCHY OF TRAITS (eysenck)
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Superficial traits derived from handful of fundamental traits.
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GENETIC INHERITANCE (eysenck)
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Largely determines personality
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INTROVERSION & EXTROVERSION (eysenck)
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shaped by inherited differences in arousability and ease of conditioning
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BEHAVIOURAL GENETICS RESEARCH
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TWINS STUDY
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IDENTICAL TWINS VS FRATERNAL (BGR)
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IT reared apart tend to be more similar than FT reared together
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