Personality Theory

Front 1

Biological Typology

Back 1

Eysenck: physio-biologically based model, room for environmental factors

Front 2

Hedonic Tone

Back 2

Eysenck: negative experience when stimulus is extremely high or low (ping pong). positive experience when stimulus is moderate

Front 3

Eysenck's 3 dimensions

Back 3

introversion/extraversion,
emotional stability/neuroticism,
impulse control/psychoticism

Front 4

Cardinal trait

Back 4

Allport: (most pervasive): single characteristic affecting every area of life; altruism

Front 5

Central trait

Back 5

Allport: major characteristics, 5-10; kind, funny, honest

Front 6

Secondary trait

Back 6

Allport: (least pervasive): changeable, preferences; ice cream, modern art

Front 7

5 factor model

Back 7

McCrae & Costa:
Openness to Experience,
Conscientiousness,
Extraversion,
Agreeableness,
Neuroticism

Front 8

Operant Analysis

Back 8

Skinner: behavior can be controlled by its consequences

Front 9

Stimulus control

Back 9

Skinner: we are more or less likely to act given certain instruction, models, cues

Front 10

Discrimination

Back 10

Skinner: respond differently to environmental stimuli. Cued by environment whether reinforcer/punisher will occur

Front 11

Stimulus generalization

Back 11

Skinner: behavior consistently reinforced in one setting will be enacted in other regardless of reinforcer (opposite of discrimination)

Front 12

Punishment

Back 12

Skinner: decreases probability of behavior response

Front 13

Reinforcement

Back 13

Skinner: increase probability of behavior response

Front 14

Positive

Back 14

Skinner: add

Front 15

Negative

Back 15

Skinner: take

Front 16

Fixed

Back 16

Skinner: given, predictable

Front 17

Ratio

Back 17

Skinner: number of responses

Front 18

Variable

Back 18

Skinner: not given, unpredictable

Front 19

Inhibition Theory

Back 19

Eysenck: there are differences in how extraverts and introverts perceive stimuli

Front 20

Interval

Back 20

Skinner: time

Front 21

Fixed ratio example

Back 21

child picks treat after cleaning room 3 times in a week

Front 22

Variable ratio example

Back 22

slot machine

Front 23

Fixed interval example

Back 23

paycheck

Front 24

Variable interval example

Back 24

Fishing

Front 25

Positive punishment example

Back 25

Spanking

Front 26

Negative punishment example

Back 26

TV privilege

Front 27

Positive reinforcement

Back 27

Treat

Front 28

Negative reinforcement

Back 28

Take out trash to stop nagging mother

Front 29

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

Back 29

Bandura: behavioral, personal, environmental interact, influence, and determine each other

Front 30

Observational learning

Back 30

Bandura: we learn by watching others

Front 31

Vicarious learning:

Back 31

Bandura: behavior learned, strengthened, or weakened by watching another receive consequences

Front 32

Bobo doll

Back 32

Bandura: children exhibited aggress bx after observing aggress model; kids who observed punishment of aggress model were less aggress than kids who observed reward or no conseq; if offered award to act aggressively, kids did so

Front 33

Unconditional Positive Regard

Back 33

Rogers: ideal condition to self actualize

Front 34

Actualizing Tendency

Back 34

Rogers: innate force to grow, develop, achieve, mature; innate drive towards goodness

Front 35

Incongruence

Back 35

Rogers: incompatibility b/n self concept and experience

Front 36

The Emerging Person

Back 36

Rogers: small #, honest & open, indifferent to rewards, caring, distrust authority/cognitively based science used for exploitation