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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Why is it that all Greece lies under the same sky and all Greeks are educated alike, it has befallen us to have characters variously constituted?" This was said by _____________. |
Theophrastus |
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What is Gordon Allport's definition of personality? |
Personalty is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that determine his/her unique adjustments to the environment. |
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What is the Lexical assumption? |
All important behaviors are encoded into the lexicon of a language as trait terms. |
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How can personality traits be viewed? |
How many? Organization? Origin of traits? Consequences of having a trait? |
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Motivational behavior is... |
...directional, purposeive, and goal-oriented. |
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According to Psychological mechanisms, personality is the totality of mechanisms based on... |
...input/outputs, and decision rules |
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What are adaptations? |
The functionality of characteristics both physical and psychological inherited from our ancestors. |
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What is the fundamental attribution bias? |
Individuals tend to attribute environmental characteristics to the personality the individuals in that situation. |
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Strong environments favor the ___________. |
Situation. |
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Loose situations favor the ____________. |
Person. |
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Reality is somewhere in the middle. |
True. |
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What are the levels of analysis? |
Human nature Species typical characteristics (biological) Characteristics every member of a species possesses |
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There are no differences in sex. |
False, typically there are sex differences. |
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What are the models of Human Nature? |
People as, energy-based systems, animals, white rats, scientists. |
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The model in which Freud describes as "stuffed up plumbing" to an energy flow, psychoanalytical in nature. |
People as energy based systems. |
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The model in which includes comparative psychology, used by biological theorists like Darwin. |
People as animals. |
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The model in which Skinner thought as everything as a total of what we learned. |
People as white rats. |
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The model in which Kelly said we build personality by testing hypothesis (cognitive theory). |
People as scientists. |
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According to ________, human existence consists of a struggle between emotions and personality. |
Goethe. |
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According to __________, humans are governed by irrational desires. |
Schopenhauer. |
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Who had the hypnosis explanation of hysteria? |
Charcot. |
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What was the intellectual center of Europe in the early 1900's? |
Vienna |
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What are the psychoanalytic assumptions? |
Energy-based, biological, motivational, developmental, clinical, and evolutionary. |
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What was Freud's take on the Evolutionary Theory? |
It tied back to sex and aggression. |
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According to Freud, all psychic energy originally transferred from physical processes to psychological processes. |
True. |
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What is Freud's definition of instinct? |
It's a psychological representation of an inner somatic source of excitement (wish). |
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What are the four components of Freudian instinct? |
Source (bodily need/condition) Aim (removal of bodily excitement) Object (two components tasks required to obtain and the object itself) Impetus (force of strength of the need) |
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What is materialism? |
The idea that you are the sum total of all of your physiological processes. ->Antivitalism |
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What is vitalism? |
The idea that you have a soul. |
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What is cathexis? |
Investing energy in an activity/image. |
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Ego cathexis is... |
...the use of energy by the ego for its own cathesis or intellectual needs |
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What is anticathexis? |
The use of psychic energy to restrain behavior. |
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What is catharsis? |
The release of pent-up psychic energy. |
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Homeostasis is... |
The normal state of affairs. |
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Under homeostasis there is... |
Tension reduction (hydraulic model) Displacement (release on inappropriate object) Sublimation (taking unused energy and placing it on socially acceptable things) |
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What are libidinal instincts? |
Primarily concerned with self-preservation and reproduction. |
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Thanatos |
We are the only species that knows we will die, death instincts. |
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What is Freuds view on suicide? |
See's it as getting rid of their tension |
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What is objective anxiety? |
Occurs in response to a real external threat to a person. |
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What is neurotic anxiety? |
Occurs when there is a direct conflict between Id and Ego. |
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What is moral anxiety? |
Caused by conflict between ego and superego. |
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What is traumatic anxiety? |
Caused by physical or psychological distress. |
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What are the defense mechanisms? |
Repression, reaction formation (ex: abuse victims replacing hate with love), fixation (stay at certain point of development), regression (moving back in development), intellectualization (logic to get out of anxieties) |
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What is the ID? |
It's all in the unconscious, the reservoir of all psychic energy. Operates according to the pleasure principle, which is the desire for immediate gratification. |
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What is the Ego? |
It uses and serves the ID through the process of identification. It operates according to the reality principle, and chooses secondary options. |
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What is the superego? |
It's our conscience, and develops from parents' discipline. It can be in all three levels of consciousness, and has no processes. It's not bound by reality. |
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What are the psycho-sexual stages of development? |
1. Oral (birth-18 months): key conflict is weaning. 2. Anal (18 months-3 years) 3. Phallic (3-5 years): produces oedipal (M) and electra (F) conflicts 4. Latency (6-puberty): little psychological development occuts. 5. Genital (puberty-adult): no specific conflict. |
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What does it mean to be anal expulsive? |
The basis of generosity and creativity. |
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What does it mean to be anal retentive? |
Stingy. |
