Personality Psych Gre

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Primary process

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id’s response to frustration because cannot obtain immediate satisfaction

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secondary process

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ego inhibiting id’s primary drives and focusing into reality principle pragmatically meeting the id’s needs

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8 defense mechanisms

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repression, suppression projection, reaction formation, rationalization, regression, sublimation, displacement

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repression

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unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing event

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projection

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attributing forbidden urges to another individual

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reaction formation

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suppressed wish is warded off by it’s diametrically opposed opposite

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rationalization

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the process of developing a socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior

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regression

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a person reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to a traumatic event

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sublimation

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transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

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displacement

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pent up feelings are discharged on objects and people less dangerous

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Alfred Adler theory

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striving toward superiority drives the personality this strivin enhances the personality when it is socially oriented, when striving is selfish it becomes the root of personality disturbances

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creative self

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Alfred adler force by which each individual shapes his or her uniqueness

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style of life

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adler the manifestation of the creative self, the unique way a person achieves superiority

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fictional finalism

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adler individual is motivated more by his own expectations of the future than by past experiences

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Karen Horney

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neurotic personality is governed by one of ten needs each of these needs is directed toward making life and interactions bearable. Use three strategies to have health interactions, moving toward people, moving away or withdrawing from people

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Abraham Maslow

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humanistic theorist known for hierarchy of human motives and his views on self-acutualization. Needs organized hierarchically ascending from basic physical to complex psychological. People strive for higher needs only when lower needs are met.

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Self-actualization

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the need to realize one’s fullest potential, the highest need in maslow’s hierarchy of needs

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peak experiences

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Maslow believed self actualized people most likely had peak experiences: profound deeply moving experiences in a person’s life that have important and lasting effects on the individual

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Carl Rogers

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known for client-centered therapy. Believed that people have the freedom to control their own behavior. Looked to make congruent what the person thinks he should be and whe he actually is Used unconditional positive regard to enhance desired situation

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Raymond Cattell

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trait theorist who used factor analysis to study personality

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Hans Eysenck

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determinded that two dimensions distinguished human personality: introversion-extroversion, stability-neuroticism

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Gordon Allport

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trait theorist listed three basic types of dispositions cardinal, central and secondary

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Cardinal traits

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Allport traits centered around which a person organizes his life. Not everyone develops cardinal traits

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Central trait

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Allport major characteristics of personality that are easy to infer. I.e honesty

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Secondary trait

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Allport not as easy to infer. Preferences attitudes ect.

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Functional autonomy

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major part of Allport theory, a given activity or form of behavior may become an end or goal in itself regardless of its original reason for existence. Hunter may start hunting because needs food, but continues hunting because it of the enjoyment. Sig: allowed for many types of motives

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Ideographic approach

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Differentiation developed by allport, focuses on individual case study

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Nomothetic approach

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Differentiation developed by allport, focuses on groups of individuals trying to find commonalities

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David McClelland

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the need of achievement. Those who are very concerned with the need to achieve take less risks because less chance of failure.

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Julian Rotter

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focused on internal and external locus of control. People with internal locus believe that they can control their own destiny. Oppositely those have external locus believe that outside forces control destiny. Locus of control related to self-esteem

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John Dollard and Neal Miller

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Behaviorist theorists who attempted to study psychoanalytic concenpts within behaviorist framework. Known for approach avoidance conflicts

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approach avoidance conflicts

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dollard and miller Psychological conflict that results when a goal has both desirable and undesirable aspects

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William Sheldon

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attempted to associate personality traits with body types. Endomorph messomorph ectomorph

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Sandra Bem theory

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because people can achieve high scores on measures of both masculinity and feminity, masculinity and femininity must be two separate dimensions

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Herman Witkin

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endeavored to draw a relationship between an individual's personality and his perception of the world