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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are personality disorders?
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Personality disorders are :
-Long-lasting, maladaptive patterns of inner experience and behavior -Problems with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control -Symptoms present every day and in most interactions -Ten different PDs in three different categories - Not diagnosed until age 18 |
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Why are they hard to diagnose?
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-People with PDs often think the problem is with other people
-Must base diagnosis both on what client says and on patterns in what they report -Clinicians must make inferences about the client -Critique of DSM system |
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3 Categories of Personality Disorder.
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Cluster A : Odd and eccentric
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, and Eccentric Cluster C: Anxious |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Think people out to get them
Assume being talked about, being taken advantage of, or being betrayed Ridicule, humiliation, and criticism during childhood that leads to attacking style in adulthood |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Emotional detachment and lack of interest in relationships; Loners, but can function socially if have to
Take jobs that don’t involve social interaction (e.g., computer programmers, night guards) Unpleasant experiences with parents lead to belief that all relationships are distressing |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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Pervasive, chronic, and dysfunctional eccentricity
Seen in behavior, appearance, and thinking Ego fails to function properly and primary process thinking is expressed |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
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Profound disregard for other people’s rights
Focus solely on own interests at expense of others Lack of remorse Not all cases of ASPD involve crime and not all criminals have ASPD Come from families that are emotionally turbulent, cruel, and physically abusive Children feel helpless in face of parents’ anger and come to identify with the aggressor |
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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Emotional volatility and impulsivity
On “border” of two extreme emotional states Intense fear of abandonment Splitting – see others as all good or all bad Idealize others to reassure self won’t be abandoned but any disappointments leads to devaluation of relationship Parasuicidal behavior (e.g., cutting & burning) Due to combo of factors – vulnerable temperament, traumatic childhood experiences, and triggering event in adulthood |
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) – Marsha Linehan
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CBT - reduce self destructive acts and improve ability to handle extreme emotions
But experience just CBT as invalidating, so DBT also validates client’s experience Dialectical – client comes to accept what they can’t change, but also that change in some areas is necessary |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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Constant need for attention (pick loud fights, burst into tears)
Very superficial – even intense emotions lack depth Provocative or sexually seductive Freud – due to childhood sexual conflicts and insecure attachment to parents which leads to craving attention |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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Profound sense of entitlement and superiority
Offended when others don’t see them as special Emotionally neglected by parents, valued only for external qualities, or excessively indulged by parents |
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Avoidant PD
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Shyness taken to pathological extreme
Fear being seen as inadequate Strongly desire relationships, but fear being rejected Excessively shamed by parents during childhood and assume weaknesses will be pointed out to others |
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Dependent PD
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Think can’t take care of themselves, make decisions, or take responsibility for own life
Extremely clingy and needy and let others to take advantage of them Early reinforcement of dependent behavior or over identification with dependent parent |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
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Extreme need for order and control
Perfectionistic to point of taking enjoyment out of activities or being late with completing tasks Different than OCD Became fixated during anal stage (potty training) or had over controlling parents who were especially punitive of messes |
