Personality

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Personality

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An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

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Free association

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A method of psychoanalysis of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxed and salad whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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Resistances, dreams and transferences

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Psychoanalysis

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Frauds theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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Information that is unaware

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Unconscious

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According to Freud a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

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Preconscious

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Information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness

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Id

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A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Operated the pleasure principle. Demanding immediate gratification

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Ego

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Largely conscious "executive" part of personality that according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego and reality. Operates the reality principle. Balances the supperego and I'd.

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Angel

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Superego

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Represents internalized ideals and proved standard judgment and for future aspirations

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Oral, anal,phallic,latency, genital

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Psychosexual stages

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The childhood stages of development where the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

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Oedipus complex

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A boys sexual desire toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival of his father

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Identification

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Children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

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Fixaction

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A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual state. Where conflicts where unresolved

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Defense mechanism

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The egos protective methods of reducing anxiety but unconsciously distorting reality

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Not remembering horrible thoughts

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Repression

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Blocked unwanted thoughts

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Regression

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Returning to an earlier comforting form of behavior

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Reaction formation

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Expressing the opposite of how one truly feels

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Projection

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Believing that the feelings one has toward someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself

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Rationalization

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Coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable occurrence

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When people displace negative emotions like anger they often displace them onto people who are less threatening than the source of the emotion

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Displacement

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Redirecting ones feelings towards another person or object

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Sublimation

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Channeling ones frustration toward a different goal. Viewed as a particularly healthy defense mechanism

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Projective test

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Asking people to interpret ambiguous stimuli

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TAT

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Peoples interpretation of the cards reflect their unconscious thoughts

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Rorschach inkblot test

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seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

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Collective unconscious

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Carl jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

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Things handed to them by their family

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Traits

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Way we can describe people's personality by specifying their main characteristics

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Personality inventory

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A question are where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feeling and behaviors; used to access selected personality traits

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MMPI-2

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Most widely used self report test.

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Empirically derived test

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Testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

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Maslow

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Self-actualization

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The motions to fulfill ones potential

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Unconditional positive regard

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An attitude of total acceptance toward another person

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Self-concept

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A sense of ones identity and self word

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Self-esteem

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Ones feelings of high or low self worth

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Self serving bias

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A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

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Individualism

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Giving priority to ones own goals over group goals, and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification

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Collectivism

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Giving priority to the goal of ones group and defining ones identity accordingly

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Reciprocal determinism

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The interacting influenced between personality and environmental factors

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Personal control

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Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

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External locus of control

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Believe that luck and other forces outside of their own control determine their destinies

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Internal locus of control

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They believe they are responsible for what happens to them.

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Learned helplessness

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The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated Aversive events

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Positive psychology

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Aims to discover and promote conditions that enable individuals and communities to thrive