Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are Funder's five basic approaches to personality?
|
trait, biological, psychoanalytic, phenomenological, and learning and cognition
|
|
|
What are the diff forms of collecting information?
|
Self-judgment, Informant, Life Information, Behavioral Observation
|
|
|
What is the personality triad?
|
Person, Situation, Behavior
|
|
|
What is the definition of personality?
|
How individuals differ on common qualities and how qualities within an individual relate to other qualities within the same individual.
|
|
|
What are the three levels McAdams use to describe a person? Explain. Are these a hierarchy?
|
Dispositional trait (nonconditional, decontextualized adjectives), Personal concerns (motivations, development, strategies), Life Story (the identity, created so a person can find purpose). No.
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a trait?
|
Style in which we behave, think, and feel. Has individual differences, is dimensional and enduring, and has some coherence to them.
|
|
|
Will believes that traits are...
|
causal forces of behavior, descriptions of behavior,
structures of individual differences |
|
|
What are the three standards of quality research design?
|
Reliability (it measures what you're trying to measure), Validity (degree to which measurement actually reflects what it's spose to), Generalizability (can be related to everyone)
|
|
|
What are the four approaches to studying personality traits?
|
Single Trait Approach (asks what certain type of ppl do), the Many-Trait Approach (asks who does a behavior to determine which ones correlate and find pattern), Essential-Trait Approach (which are the most important?), Typological Approach (id groups of ppl who resemble each other and differ enough from everyone else)
|
|
|
What does the Cognitive-Experiential Self Theory say?
|
ppl process info by two parallel, interactive systems: rational and experiential (heuristic processing)
|
|
|
What are the three arguments against personality traits?
|
1) Too inconsistent, cannot predict
2) Low correlation statistic 3) Intuitions are usually wrong? |
|
|
TL;DR of Will's "Traits as Density Distribution" article
|
1) individuals regularly and routinely exhibit all levels of trait in behavior
2) individual diffs in central tendencies were almost perfectly stable 3) amount of behavioral variability were revealed as stable individual diffs 4) decontextualized B5 content is useful for descriptions of DD s as a whole 5) contextualized personality units are useful for describing within-person variation |
|
|
Why are distributions awesome?
|
1) takes into account variability
2) avg tendencies are highly stable 3) size and shape of DD tell you reliable individual diffs 4) support both structural and process approach |
|
|
What is the personality state assessment?
|
assess the degree to which the behavior expresses the content of the trait (instead of specifying concrete activities to assess)
includes affect and cognition, not just physical actions |
|
|
What are the three levels implicated by trait standing?
|
Central (mean)
Frequency (mode) Extreme (skew) |
|
|
Is emotion a declarative or procedural knowledge?
|
Procedural. Emotions can only be fully understood through action and experience.
|
|
|
What form is the word personality?
|
A verb.
|
|
|
Quick summary of Kuppens's (conducted study of pos/neg affect experiences on well-being across nations) findings.
|
Experience of positive emotions is more strongly related to life satisfaction than the absence of negative emotions.
Neg emotions are more aversive (heightened sensitivity) in individualistic nations. Pos emotions are more impactful in self-expressing nations (vs nations focused on daily survival). There appear to be cultural diffs in how relevant emotional experiences are to quality of life. |
|
|
Quick summary of Steeger's (daily eudaimonic activity and well-being) findings.
|
eudaimonic behaviors had stronger relations to well-being than hedonic ones, and eudaimonic behaviors were also related to greater well-being the next day.
|
|
|
What's the difference b/t declarative self and procedural self? Which selves do each include?
|
Dec: includes self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-reference. This self is accessible by conscious awareness
Pro: relational selves and implicit selves. Not accessible by conscious awareness. |
|
|
Quick summary of Ozer's (personality and prediction of outcomes) article.
|
personality has consequences, and personality dispositions are associated with numerous relations at an individual level, an interpersonal level, and at a social institutional level
|
|
|
Quick summary of Rober'ts (Comparative validity of traits for predicting life outcomes) article.
|
Personality traits are just as valid as SES and cognitive ability in predicting mortality, divorce, and occupational attainment.
|
|
|
Quick summary of Soto's (age diffs in personality trends) article.
|
age trends for some traits were especially pronounced during the late childhood and adolescent periods, with some being in a direction different from the corresponding adult trends
There were also some negative trends in psychosocial maturity from late childhood into adolescence, whereas adult trends were in the direction of greater maturity and adjustment lastly, the distinguishable facet traits w/in each B5 often showed distinct age trends |
|
|
What's the difference b/t weak and strong biologism?
|
Weak: all mental and social phenomena are characteristics of the physical self/the brain
Strong: certain psychological phenomena are biological, evidenced by empirical science |
|
|
What are the five time perspectives by Zimbardo?
|
past-neg
past-pos present-fatalistic present-hedonistic future |
|
|
Quick summary of Heller's (bottom-up framework) article.
|
social roles can elicit different types of short-term goals which can serve as psychological components of situations, exerting an influence on personality states that eventually shape personality traits. ("the transformation of personality traits as a function of roles)
|
|
|
What does the CAPS model say?
|
Predicts behavior by taking into consideration person AND situation.
features of situations activate a set of internal reactions (cognitive AND affective) based on the individual's prior experience with those features |
