Personal Training Exam 2

Front 1

__ min/week of __ exercise like __ will give you the most health benefits

Back 1

150, moderate intestity, brisk walking

Front 2

the legal range of services that professionals in a given field can provide

Back 2

scope of practice

Front 3

settings in which those services can be provided

Back 3

scope of practice

Front 4

guidelines or parameters that must be followed

Back 4

scope of practice

Front 5

the laws, rules, and regulations that govern a profession are estabilised for the __

Back 5

protection of the public

Front 6

fitness professionals __: diagnose, prescribe, prescribe diets or recommend specific supplements, treat injury/disease, monitor progress for medically referred clients, rehabilitatie, counsel, work with patients

Back 6

DO NOT

Front 7

fitness professoinals __: design exercise programs, refer, document progress, design an exercies program, coach, work with clients

Back 7

DO

Front 8

ACE certifications are valid for __ from the date earned

Back 8

2

Front 9

to renew ACE-certified professionals must: complete a minimum of __ hours of continuing education credits; maintain a current certificate in __ and if living in north america __

Back 9

CPR, AED

Front 10

remifications for allowing a an ACE certification to expire include (3):

Back 10

can't advertise that they're ACE certified, discontinued professional liability insurance, loss of employment

Front 11

the most important factor in starting an exercise program is the __

Back 11

individual

Front 12

a person __ be coerced into starting to work out

Back 12

cannot

Front 13

applying teh __ of behavioral change priciples will help increase the chances of success when adopting new behaviors

Back 13

transtheoretical model

Front 14

the allied healthcae continuum is composed of health professional who are credentilaed through: (3)

Back 14

certifications, registrations, licensure

Front 15

__ are at the top of teh allied healthcare pyramid, evaluating patients to diagnose ailments and imlement tratemtn plans, or referring patients to specialists as needed

Back 15

physicians

Front 16

potential determinants for physical activity can be broken down into three cartegories:

Back 16

personal attributes, environmental factors, physical-activity factors

Front 17

adherence to physical activity programs has proven to be consistently related to __, __, __, and __

Back 17

education, income, age, and gender

Front 18

lower levels of activity are seen with __, __and __

Back 18

increasing age, fewer years of education, low income

Front 19

__ may be unrelated to adherence levels in supervised exercise activities

Back 19

age

Front 20

__ demonstrate higher and more consistent activity adherence reates than __

Back 20

men, women

Front 21

__ referes to health conditions and is a weak predictor of exercise behavior

Back 21

biomedical

Front 22

biomedical status is a __ predictor of exercise behabior

Back 22

weak

Front 23

obese individuals are typically __ active than normal weight individuals

Back 23

less

Front 24

obese individuals are typically __ likely to adhere to supervised exercise programs

Back 24

less

Front 25

__ is the most important and influential personal attribute variable

Back 25

activity hisotry

Front 26

__ is the most reliable predictor of current participation in supervised exercise programs

Back 26

past program participation

Front 27

gathering activty history information fro a client helps personal trainers in teh __ of a clients program and gives the trainer an idea of __ that the client may facing in __

Back 27

development, challenges, adhereing to a program

Front 28

general tenencies that people have in their personality or psychological makeup

Back 28

psychological traits

Front 29

account for individual differences among people and are often difficult to define and measure

Back 29

psychological traits

Front 30

reflective of ones ability to set goals, monitor progress, and self-reinforce

Back 30

self-motivation

Front 31

has a positive relationship with physcial activity adherence

Back 31

self-motivation

Front 32

those who perviece their health to be porr are __ to __

Back 32

unlikely, start or adhere to an activity program

Front 33

a belief in personal control over health ourcomes

Back 33

locus of control

Front 34

a consistent predictor of unsupervised exercise activity among healthy adults

Back 34

locus of control

Front 35

consistently demonstrate a negative relationship with physcial acitivyt program adherence

Back 35

percieved barriers

Front 36

access to facilites most frequently refers to __

Back 36

facility location

Front 37

when fitness facilites are conveniently located near a persons home or work he or she is __ to adhere to the program

Back 37

more likely

Front 38

personal trainers should understand teh __ for each client to reach teh facility

Back 38

convience

Front 39

the most common excuse for not exercising and for dropping out of an exercise program

Back 39

percieved lack of time

Front 40

percieved lack of time is likely due to: (2)

Back 40

not being interested in or enjoying the activty, not being committed to teh activty program

Front 41

__ from family and friens is an inoportant predictor of physical activity behavior

Back 41

social support

Front 42

__ is an important and reliable predicor of program adherence

Back 42

support from a spouse

Front 43

personal trainers must be __ in creating and estabilisheing a support systemf or a client

Back 43

proactive

Front 44

the drop out rate for vigorous intesnity exercise is__ as high as in moderate ainstensity activity programs

Back 44

twice

Front 45

most poeple choose to start __ intesntiy programs rathran thatn __ intensity programs

Back 45

moderate, vigorous

Front 46

people will choose moderate over vigorous intensity acitivty programs regardless of whther the intesnity is meaturesed __ or __

Back 46

physiologically or psychologically

Front 47

approximatly __ of all people who engage in high intesntiy activities are injured each year

Back 47

half

Front 48

injuries that occur as a result of program participation are directly related to __

Back 48

program dropout

Front 49

__ are able to participate in modifed exercise programs

Back 49

injured exerciseres

Front 50

injured exercisers often report engaging in significantly more__ than non-inured exercisers

Back 50

walking

Front 51

being physcially active because a person truly enjoys it

Back 51

intrinsic motivation

Front 52

intrinsic motivation is associated with __ __ and -_ when faced with barrieres

Back 52

positive attitudes and emotions, maximal effort, and persistence

Front 53

__ adults are complely intrinsically motivated

Back 53

few

Front 54

personal trainers hsould __ enjoyment and engagement but not expect clients to always demonstracte intrinsic motivation

Back 54

maximize

Front 55

the engagement in exercise for any benefit other than for the joy of participation

Back 55

extrinsic motivation

Front 56

being phycially active because of some external factor

Back 56

extrininsc motivation

Front 57

associated with feelings of tension, guilt, or pressure related to participation

Back 57

extrinsic motivation

Front 58

what is the order and levesl of the stages of client tariner relationships?

Back 58

rapport=>investigation=>planning=>action

Front 59

begins with first impressions

Back 59

rapport stage

Front 60

during teh __ stage, personal trainers review any client data

Back 60

investigation

Front 61

in the __ stage, the trainer designs an exercise program in partnership with the client

Back 61

planning

Front 62

clients are ready to begin working out, signalling the beginning of the __ stage

Back 62

action

Front 63

during teh __ stage, teh personal trainer sets the scene for establishing understanding and trust

Back 63

rapport

Front 64

rapport develops through __ and __ communication

Back 64

verbal, nonnverbal

Front 65

apperance, facial expressions, body language, tone of voice

Back 65

verbal communication

Front 66

an individuals characteristics, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behaviors, and coping mechanisms

Back 66

personaltiy style

Front 67

low sociablitiy and high dominence is a __ personaltiy

Back 67

director

Front 68

low sociability and low dominance is a __ personality

Back 68

deliberator

Front 69

high sociability and low dominence is a __ personaltiy

Back 69

collaborator

Front 70

high socialability and high dominance is a __ personality

Back 70

expressor

Front 71

more cognitive, less affective, aske oriented, methodical, fabor logic, objectivity analysis, and accuracy, oproblem solvers, working alone or in small groups, careful planners, appear rigid, formal, and cautious, ghilghly creative but thourough and detail oriented, emotionally reserved initialy opening up once strong relationships are forged, appear distant and uninterested in social interaction

Back 71

deliverators (low S, Low D)

Front 72

more cognitive less affective, action oriented, competitive, takes charge, dominant personalties. resourceful and tell oriented, favoring teamwork where they can define problems, identify solutions, appear insensitive, impatinet, direct, and unafraid to voice opinions. poor listeners, as they proactively think ahead to problem solving. appear unapproachable, unyeilding, inflexible, and blunt, emitionally reserved, valuing time over relationships

Back 72

directors (low S, high D)

Front 73

more affective, less cognitive. emotionally open, relationhsip oreinted, favor relationships over results. amiable, warm, trusting,a nd honest, sociable, easy going, supportive and non-dominant. avoid unnecessary risks, slow to decide, nonconfrontational, and sometimes exploited. team and ask oreinted gather information to reach consensus over conflict

Back 73

collaborators (High S, low D)

Front 74

more affective les cognitive. strong communicators, highly motivationslal and persuasive, but impatient. overly ambitious, more risk driven, favor incentives and rewards. impulsive and lack disciploine in completing projects, dominant, tell oriented visionaries who thrive on excitement, challenge and creativity

Back 74

expressors (high S, high D)

Front 75

something a client does, such as completes a certain number of workouts per week

Back 75

process goal

Front 76

something achieved, like weight loss

Back 76

product goal

Front 77

clients typically achieve __ goals before __ goals

Back 77

process, product

Front 78

the process of acquireing and improving motor skills

Back 78

motor learning

Front 79

illustrates a good way to introduce a new skill

Back 79

tell, show, do

Front 80

the three stages of motor learning

Back 80

cognitive, associative, autonomous

Front 81

the stage of motor learning in which: clients try to understand a new skill, movements are often uncoordinated and jerky, perosnal trainers should use the tell show do technique and provide ample opportunity for practice

Back 81

cognitive

Front 82

the stage of motor learning in which: clients begin to master the basics and are ready for specific feedback. personal trainers msut find teh balance between giving appropriate feedbacka nd giving too much feedback

Back 82

associative

Front 83

the stage of motor learning in which: clients are performing motor skills effectively and naturally. The personal trainer is doing less teaching and more monitoring

Back 83

autonomous

Front 84

explanations of behavior change (3)

Back 84

examinations of peoples beleifs about their health, examinations of peoples beliefs about their ability to change, a persons readiness to make change

Front 85

predicts that people engage in a health behavior based on the perveived threat that they feel regarding a health problem

Back 85

health belie model

Front 86

factors influencing percieved threat (3)

Back 86

perveibed seriousness of health problem, perceived susceptibility to the health problem, cues to actoin

Front 87

teh more likely people are __ about a potential health problem, the more liekly they are to take action and engage in health behavior

Back 87

reminded

Front 88

stages of change

Back 88

precontemplation, contemplation, prepatation, action, maintenance

Front 89

the stage of change where: people are sedentary and are not considering an activity program

Back 89

precontemplation stage

Front 90

the stage of change where: people are still sedentary. however, they are starting to consider activity as important

Back 90

contemplation stage

Front 91

the stage of change where: is marked by some physical activity, as individuals are mentally and physically preparing to adopt activity programs, people are readyt o adopt and live active lifestyles

Back 91

preparation stage

Front 92

the stage of change where: people engage in regular physcial activity but have been doing so for less than 6 months

Back 92

action stage

Front 93

the stage of change where: marke by regular physcial activity for longer than 6 months

Back 93

maintenance

Front 94

the belief in ones own capabilities to successfully achieve a task

Back 94

self efficacy

Front 95

there is a __ reltaionship between self efficacy and behavior change

Back 95

circular

Front 96

__ asks as both a determinant and an outcome of behavior change

Back 96

self efficacy

Front 97

to develop an understanding of a clients self efficacy, a trainer should __

Back 97

ask questions about the sources of self-efficacy information

Front 98

specifcally through conversation a trainer should gain knowledge about a clients: (4)

Back 98

previous experience with exercise, feelings and emotions associated with starting a new program, expectations and apprehensions related to program invovlement, potential barriers for program adherence

Front 99

refers to making adjustments to the enviorment to increase the likeihood of healthy behaviors

Back 99

stimulus control

Front 100

effective stimulus strategies include: (4)

Back 100

1. choosing a gym that is in the direct route between home and work, 2. keeping a gym bag in teh car that contains all teh required items for a workout, 3. having workout clothes, socks, and shoes laid out for early morning workouts, 4. writing down workout times as part of a weekly schedule

Front 101

exercise and physcial activity are associated with some __

Back 101

inherent risks

Front 102

the purposes of the pre-participation screening include: (5)

Back 102

1. idenifying the presence or absence of known disease 2. identifying individuals with medical contridictions who should be excluded from exercise or physical activity. 3. detecting at risk individuals who should first undergo medical eval and clinical exercise testing before initiationg an exefcise program. 4. identifying those individuals with medical conditoins who should participate in medically supervised programs 5. identifyng pre-existing conditoins and or injuries that make certain exercises or movments contradicted

Front 103

what is the goal of the precontemplation phase?

Back 103

make inactiviy a relevant issue and start thinkiking about being active

Front 104

what is the goal of the contemplation phase?

Back 104

to get involved in some type of activity

Front 105

what is the goal of the preparation phase?

Back 105

reguar physical participation

Front 106

what is the goal of the action phase?

Back 106

maintain regular physcial activity

Front 107

what is the goal of the maintenance phase?

Back 107

prevent relapse and maintain continued activity

Front 108

refers to teh prcess of using reinforments to gradually achieve a target behavior

Back 108

shaping

Front 109

what does smart goals stand for?

Back 109

specific, measuragle, attainable, relevant, and time bound

Front 110

a __ must be performed for all new participatnst

Back 110

pre participation screening

Front 111

with self directed exercies, a __ is ocmpleted by teh individual with little to no feedback from teh fitness professionals

Back 111

standard questionaire (physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q)

Front 112

what is the purpose for performing a rist stratification prior to engaging in physical activity program? (3)

Back 112

1. the presnesce or absence of known cardiovascular, pulmonary, and or metabolic disease, 2. the presnese or absence of cardiobascualr risk factors, 3. the presnece or absence of signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, pulmonary and or metabolic disease

Front 113

client risk is stratified as __

Back 113

low moderate or high

Front 114

moderate intensity exercise is equivalent to __% VO2 max, __ METs , or an intesntiy well within an indiviuals capacity that can be comfortably sustained for ~__ min

Back 114

40-60, 3-6, 45

Front 115

vigorous intesnisty activity is equivalent to __& VO2 max, __ METs, or a level of intensity sufficient enough to represnet a substantial cardiorespratory challenge

Back 115

>60, >6

Front 116

asymptomatic, <1 total risk factor

Back 116

low risk

Front 117

asymptomatic, >2 total risk factors

Back 117

moderate risk

Front 118

symptomatic or known cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic disease

Back 118

high risk

Front 119

Low risk: referral necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 119

no, no

Front 120

moderate risk: referral necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 120

no, yes

Front 121

high risk: referral necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 121

yes, yes

Front 122

Low risk: doctor supervision of exercise test necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 122

no, no

Front 123

medium risk: doctor supervision of exercise test necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 123

no, yes

Front 124

high risk: doctor supervision of exercise test necessary: moderate exercise __, vigorous exercise __

Back 124

yes, yes

Front 125

__ are also included in risk straification, but must only be interpreted by a qualified licensed professional

Back 125

sings and sypmtoms of disease

Front 126

pain, dysnpnea, orthopnea, ankle edema, palpiations, intermittenet claudication, heart murmur, unusual fatigue or difficulty breathing, dizziness or syncope

Back 126

signs and sypmtoms of disease

Front 127

a form saying teh exerciser is acknowledgin having een specifically infomred about the risks associated with activity

Back 127

informed consent/assumption of risk form

Front 128

informed consent/assumption of risk forms are used __ to asseessments and provide evidence of discolsure of the purposes, procedures, risks, and benefits associated with teh asessments

Back 128

prior

Front 129

are informed consent forms a liability waiver and provide legal immunity?

Back 129

NO

Front 130

intended to communicate the dangers of teh exercise program or test procedure

Back 130

informed consent

Front 131

represnets a clients voluntary abadnonment of teh right to file suit

Back 131

aggrement/liability release waiver

Front 132

used to release a perosonal trainer from liability for injuries reslting from a supervised exercise program

Back 132

aggrement/liability release waiver

Front 133

does an aggrement/liability release waiver protect a trainer from negligence lawsuits?

Back 133

NO

Front 134

an __ or __ is a protrusionof teh abdominal contents into the groin or trough the abdominal wall

Back 134

inguinal, abdominal hernia

Front 135

done during an activity involving increasd abdominal pressure

Back 135

inguinal/abdominal hernia

Front 136

what injury makes it important to teach breathing techniques during lifting activities?

Back 136

inguinal/abdominal hernia

Front 137

beta blockers cause __ on resting HR, __ on exercising HR, __ on maximal exercising HR

Back 137

decrease, decrease, decrease

Front 138

diuretics cause __ on resting HR, __ on exercising HR, __ on maximal exercising HR

Back 138

none, none, none

Front 139

block beta adrenergic receotpors and limit sympathetic nervous stimulation

Back 139

beta blockers

Front 140

block teh effects of catecholamines and reduce resting exercise and maximal exercise HR

Back 140

beta blockers

Front 141

what would be a good way of determining exercise intesity with someone on beta blockers?

Back 141

percieved exertion

Front 142

act directly on the blood vessels to stimulate vasoconstriction

Back 142

decongestants

Front 143

causes constrictin of teh blood vessels in teh upper airways that reduces teh volume of swollen tissues and results in more air space

Back 143

decongestants

Front 144

decongestants may cuase raised __ due to vasoconstriction in the peripheral vessels

Back 144

BP and HR

Front 145

block histamine receptors

Back 145

antihistaines

Front 146

antihistamines have __ effect on HR and BP

Back 146

no direct

Front 147

produce a drying effect in the upper airways and may cuase drowiness

Back 147

antihistmaines

Front 148

most cold medicaitions are a combination of __ and __

Back 148

decongestant and antihistmines

Front 149

cold medications in low does usually have __ effect on exercise

Back 149

minimal

Front 150

a trainer should choose tests that will provide __ results without causing undue __ on teh client

Back 150

valid, stress

Front 151

the foundation of the ACE IFT model is built on__

Back 151

rapport

Front 152

a trainer should establish__ prior to collecting health-history information

Back 152

initial rapport

Front 153

what are the two prinicap training components of the ACE IFT model?

Back 153

functinal movment and resistance training, cardiorespiratory training

Front 154

according to the ACE IFT model, what increases risk for inury? (3)

Back 154

weak core muscles, muscle imbalances, postural deviation

Front 155

in the ACE IFT, functinoal movement and resistance training begins in phase __

Back 155

1

Front 156

in the ACE IFT aessessementsand training for postural and joint stabilitya and mobility are introduced in phase:

Back 156

1

Front 157

in the ACE IFT phase __ is focused on basic movment patters

Back 157

2

Front 158

in the ACE IFT, in pahse __, the focus is on applying external reistance or loads to functional movement patterns

Back 158

3

Front 159

in the ACE IFT, clients who have performeace oriented goasl can move onto training for performance in phase:

Back 159

4

Front 160

pahse 1 of functional movment and resistance training of the ACE IFT

Back 160

stabilty and mobility training

Front 161

pahse 2 of functional movment and resistance training of the ACE IFT

Back 161

movement training

Front 162

pahse 3 of functional movment and resistance training of the ACE IFT

Back 162

load training

Front 163

pahse 4 of functional movment and resistance training of the ACE IFT

Back 163

performance training

Front 164

pahse 1 of cardiorespiratory training of the ACE IFT

Back 164

aerobic base traiing

Front 165

phase 2 of cardiorespiratory training of the ACE IFT

Back 165

aerobic efficiency training

Front 166

phase 3 of cardiorespiratory training of the ACE IFT

Back 166

anaerobic endurance training

Front 167

phase 4 of cardiorespiratory training of the ACE IFT

Back 167

anaerobic power training

Front 168

what is the principal goal of phase 1 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent?

Back 168

develop postural stability without compromising mobility

Front 169

the training focus of phase 1 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent is the introduciton of __ exercise programs to improve teh clients __

Back 169

low intensity, posture

Front 170

exercise selection of the phase 1 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent focuses on __

Back 170

core and balance exercises

Front 171

assesssments of phase 1 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent should be over __ (40

Back 171

posture, balance, movment, ROM

Front 172

the primary focus of phase 2 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent is __

Back 172

training movment patters

Front 173

what are the five primary movments of exercise that are focused on in phase 2 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent?

Back 173

bend and lift, single leg, pushing, pulling, rotational

Front 174

in phase 2 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent exercise rpograms emphasize the proper seqencing of movments and control of teh body's __

Back 174

center of gravity

Front 175

in phase 2 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent, what kind of movment patters that ultilize gravityas reistance are emphasized?

Back 175

whole body

Front 176

the general timeline for phase 2 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent is __

Back 176

2-8 weeks

Front 177

in phase 3 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent what is added to the exercise program?

Back 177

external force

Front 178

at phase 3 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent clients will stay at tehis phase for __

Back 178

many years

Front 179

phase 4 of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent emphasizes specific trianinig to improve __, __, __, __, and __

Back 179

speed, agility, quickness, reactivity, and power

Front 180

many clients will not progress to this phase of the functinoal movement and resistance training compenent

Back 180

phase 4 (performance training)

Front 181

power traing can also be affective at helping clients improve __

Back 181

body composition

Front 182

cardiorespiratory programs have traditionally focused on __

Back 182

stead state trainng

Front 183

what do internvals traditionally focus on? (2)

Back 183

reducing boredom, training at or near lactate threshold to improve speed

Front 184

phase 1 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent focuses on deleoping an initial __ in clients who have been __ or __

Back 184

aerobic base, sedentary, near sedentary

Front 185

durign phase 1 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent, exercise should be performed at __ intensities in the __ intesnity range

Back 185

steady state, low to moderate

Front 186

during phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent the primary focus is to improve __

Back 186

performance

Front 187

during phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent, assessment of teh clinets cardioresipratory capacity at the __ threshold is appropriate

Back 187

2nd ventilatroy threshold

Front 188

during phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent __ intervals that develop anaerobic endurance are introduced

Back 188

higher intensity

Front 189

during phase 2 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent, the primatry focus is __

Back 189

enhancing anerobic effiency

Front 190

when are aerobic intervals introduced?

Back 190

phase 2 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent

Front 191

progressing the program thorugh increased duratin of sessions, increasing teh frequency to f sessions when possible, and introducing aerobic intervals are ways to enhance a clients aerobic efficiency training in phase __

Back 191

2

Front 192

the gaol of introducing intervals is to improve __ and __

Back 192

aerobic endurance by raising the intesntiy of exercise, the clients ability to utilize fat as a fuel source

Front 193

trainers can conduct teh ___ test to determine HR at teh first ventilatory threshold

Back 193

submaximal talk

Front 194

you are in zone 1 of phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent if you are __, __% of training time

Back 194

<VT1, 70-80%

Front 195

you are in zone 2 of phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent if you are __, __% of training time

Back 195

VT1 to ,VT2, <10%

Front 196

you are in zone 3 of phase 3 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent if you are __, __% of training time

Back 196

>VT2, 10-20%

Front 197

the primary focus of phase 4 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent is building on __ while introducing __ for anaerobic power

Back 197

previous training, new intervals

Front 198

duirng phase 4 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent, intervals are __, __, and __

Back 198

shortduration, high intestiy, very taxing

Front 199

clients working in this phase are training for competition or have specific goals that relate to short duratin, high intesnity efforts during lnger endurance events

Back 199

phase 4 of the cardiorespiratory training compenent

Front 200

the most important goal for special population clinetle is to provide them with __ that promote __ through comfotably achieved intitial success

Back 200

intial positive exeriences, adherence

Front 201

Deviation 1 is __

Back 201

ankle pronation/supination

Front 202

both feet face forward in parallel or with slight (8-10 degrees) external rotaion

Back 202

normal ankle position

Front 203

in normal ankle position, toes should be alingned in teh same direction of the __

Back 203

feet

Front 204

the body is one __

Back 204

continuous kinetic chain

Front 205

barring structural differences in teh skeletal system, a pronated ankle typically forces __ of the tibia and faster, greater __ of the femur causeing __ of teh ankle

Back 205

internal rotation, internal rotation, eversion

Front 206

barring structural differences in teh skeletal system, a supinated ankle typically forces __ of the tibia and faster, greater __ of the femur causeing __ of teh ankle

Back 206

external rotation, external rotation, inversion

Front 207

deviation 2 is __

Back 207

hip adduction

Front 208

a lateral tilt of the pelvis that elevates one hip higher than the other

Back 208

hip adduction

Front 209

if a person raises the right hip, the line of gravity following the spine tilts toward the __ following the spine

Back 209

left

Front 210

this position progressively legthens and weakens the hip abductors, which are unable to hold teh hip level

Back 210

hip adduction

Front 211

sleeping on one's side can produce this deviation

Back 211

hip adduction

Front 212

anterior tiliting of teh pelvis frequently occurs in individuals with __

Back 212

tight hip flexors

Front 213

a __ pelvic tilt that rotates the superior anterior portion of the pelvis foward and downward

Back 213

anterior

Front 214

a __ pelvic tilt rotates the superoir posterior portion of the pelvis backward and downward

Back 214

posteior

Front 215

an anterior pelvic tilt wil increase __ in the lumbar spine whereas a posterior pelvic tilt will reduce the amount of it in teh lumbar spine

Back 215

lordosis

Front 216

tight __ are generally coupled with tight __ muscles producing an anterior pelvic tilt

Back 216

hip flexors, erector spinae

Front 217

tight __ are generally coupled with tight __ producing a posterior pelvic tilt

Back 217

rectus abdominis, hamstrings

Front 218

the coupoing relationship between tight hip flexors and erector spinae is defined as teh __

Back 218

lower cross syndrome

Front 219

with ankle pronation and acompanying internal femoral rotaion, the pelvis may tilt __ to acomodate the head of teh femur

Back 219

anteriorly

Front 220

what are the the 4 techniques to evaluate pelvic tilt?

Back 220

1. relationship between ASIS and PSIS 2. appearance of lordosis 3. alighnment of pubic bone to ASIS 4. degree of flexion or hyperextension in knees

Front 221

what is deviation 3?

Back 221

hip tilting

Front 222

what is deviation 4?

Back 222

shoulder position and thoracic spine

Front 223

limiations and compensations to movement at teh shoulder occur frequently due to the complex nature of the __

Back 223

shoulder girdle

Front 224

obsercation of teh __ in all three planes proides good insight into the quality of movement a clinet has at teh shoulders

Back 224

scapulae

Front 225

if the knuckles or the backs of the clients hands are visible when teh hands are positioned at the sides, this generally indicates __ of teh humerus or __

Back 225

internal rotation, scapular protraction

Front 226

if the vertebral/inferior angles of teh scapulae protrude outward, it indicates an inability of the __ to hold teh scapulae in place

Back 226

scapulae stabilizers

Front 227

if the shoulders are not level, the __, __, and __ may be tight

Back 227

upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids

Front 228

if there is asymmetry to the midline of the shoulder the __ may be tight

Back 228

lateral trunk flexors

Front 229

if the scapulae are protracted, the __, __ and __ may be tight

Back 229

serratus anterior, scapulohumeral muscles, upper trapezius

Front 230

if teh humerus is medially rotated, the __, __ and __ may be tight

Back 230

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis

Front 231

if there is kyphosis and a depressed chest, the __, __, __, __ may be tight

Back 231

shoulder adductors, pectoralis minor, rectus abdominis

Front 232

what is deviation 5?

Back 232

head position

Front 233

with good posture, the earlobe should align approximatly over teh __

Back 233

acromion process

Front 234

what head position is very common?

Back 234

forward head position

Front 235

if there s forward head position, teh __, __, and __ may be tight

Back 235

cervical spine extensors, upper trapezius, levator scapulae

Front 236

the objective is to examine symmetrical lower extremity movility and stability and upper extremity stabilty during a bend and lift movement

Back 236

bend and lift screen

Front 237

what should you observe on teh first repitition of teh bend and lift screen? (frontal)

Back 237

stabilty of the foot

Front 238

what should you observe on the 2nd repitition of the bend and lift screen? (frontal)

Back 238

alignment of knees over the line

Front 239

what should you observe on the 3rd repitition of the bend and lift screen? (frontal)

Back 239

overall symmetry over base of support

Front 240

what should you observe on the 1rst repitition of the bend and lift screen? (sagital)

Back 240

heels remain on contact of floor

Front 241

what should you observe on the 2nd repitition of the bend and lift screen? (sagital)

Back 241

glute/knee dominance

Front 242

what should you observe on the 3rd repitition of the bend and lift screen? (sagital)

Back 242

parallel position betweeen teh tivia and torso

Front 243

what should you observe on the 4th repitition of the bend and lift screen? (sagital)

Back 243

lordosis

Front 244

what should you observe on the 5th repitition of the bend and lift screen? (sagital)

Back 244

changes in head position

Front 245

if there is a lack of foot stability: the ankles collapse inward/feet turn outward then the __ are suspected to be weak or tight

Back 245

gastrocnemius

Front 246

if the knees move inward during a bend and lift screen, the __ may be tight and teh __ may be weak

Back 246

hip adductors, glut med and max

Front 247

if the heels cannot stay in contact with the floor during teh bend and lift scren what mesucles are suspected to be tight?

Back 247

plantarflexors

Front 248

thomas test: back and sacrum flat, back and lowered tight does not touch the table and the knee cannot flex to 80 degrees. what is tight?

Back 248

hip flexors

Front 249

thomas: with back and sacrum flat, teh back of the lowered thigh does not touch the table, but the knee does flex to 80 degrees. what is tight?

Back 249

the iliopsoas

Front 250

thomas test: with teh back and sacrum flat, the back of teh lowered thigh does touch teh table, but the knee does not flex 80

Back 250

the rectus femoris

Front 251

involves multiple and simultaneous movements of the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral jionts in all three planes

Back 251

apley's scratch test

Front 252

apleys scratch test is completed in conjunction: (2)

Back 252

shoulder flexion test, internal/external roation test of humerus

Front 253

used to assess simultaneous movments of teh shoulder girdle

Back 253

apleys scratch test

Front 254

movments included in the apleys scratch testl

Back 254

shoulder extension and flexion, IR and ER, scapular abd and add

Front 255

what does the clients ability to touch teh medial border of teh contralateral scapula/how far down the spine they can reach means?

Back 255

shoulder flexion, external rotation

Front 256

what does the clients ability to touch teh oppostie inferior angle of the scapulae mean?

Back 256

shoulder extension and IR

Front 257

the ability to touch specific alndmarks in teh apleys scratch test means __

Back 257

good shoulder mobility

Front 258

interpretation of teh external and internal rotation test: the ability to roate the forearms 90 degrees to touch teh mat

Back 258

good mobility in rotators

Front 259

interpretation of teh external and internal rotation test: inability to reach the floor or discrepancies between limbs

Back 259

tightness in medial rotators

Front 260

interpretation of teh external and internal rotation test: inability to internally rotate forearm 70 degrees

Back 260

tightness in lateral rotators of arms

Front 261

used to assess static balance by standing with a reduced base of support while removing visual sensory information

Back 261

romberg test

Front 262

you should __ if a client : loses postural control and balance, feet move on the floor, eyes open, arms move form folded position, exceeds 60 seconds with good ps=ostural control during a romberg test

Back 262

stop time

Front 263

the inability to reach 30 seconds on the romberg test, it is indicative of inadequate __

Back 263

static balance and postural control

Front 264

with teh stork stand balance test you should __ if: hands come off hips, stance or supporting foot moves, any part of teh elevated foot loses sontact with stance leg, heel of stance leg touches the floor, loses balance

Back 264

stop timing

Front 265

excellent rating for the stork balance test for males is __, females __

Back 265

>50, >30

Front 266

good rating for the stork balance test for males is __, females __

Back 266

41-50, 25-30

Front 267

average rating for the stork balance test for males is __, females __

Back 267

31-40, 16-24

Front 268

fair rating for the stork balance test for males is __, females __

Back 268

20-30, 10-15

Front 269

poor rating for the stork balance test for males is __, females __

Back 269

<20, <10

Front 270

what sites are skinfolds taken for men?

Back 270

chest, thigh, abdomen

Front 271

what sites are skinfolds taken for women

Back 271

triceps, thigh, suprailium

Front 272

essential % body fat for men is __, women __

Back 272

2-5, 10-13

Front 273

pecent body fat for athletes: men __, women __

Back 273

6-13, 14-20

Front 274

% body fat for fitness indv.: men __, women __

Back 274

14-17, 21-24

Front 275

% body fat for average people: men __ women __

Back 275

18-25, 25-31

Front 276

% body fat for obese: men __, women __

Back 276

>25, >32

Front 277

measuring V02 max in a lab involves the collention and analysis of __ during __ exercise

Back 277

exhaled, maximal

Front 278

estimation of bodies ability to use o2 for energy at maximal exertion

Back 278

V02 max

Front 279

how fast should teh metronome be set for the step test for men?

Back 279

96 bpm

Front 280

considered suitable for low risk apparently helathy non athletic individuals between the ages of 20-59

Back 280

YMCA submaximal step test

Front 281

a test that evaluates recovery HR, this test measures exercsining HR from which VO2 max can be estimated, useful for clients wtih higher levels of aerobic fitness, individuals who are short may struggle with this

Back 281

Mcardle step test

Front 282

__ involves complex moevemtns that continually change

Back 282

core stability

Front 283

the three parts of teh McGills torso muscualr edurance test battery

Back 283

trunk flexor endurance, trunk lateral endurance, trunk extensor endurance

Front 284

for a McGills torso battery test a persons flexion:extension ration should be less than __, a persons right side bridge:leftside bridge should be no greater than __ froma balanced score of 1. side bridge extensionration to be less than __

Back 284

1, .05,1, .75