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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiovascular Disease is...
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the leading cause of death in the US
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Four chambers of the heart:
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Atrium: upper chambers
Ventricle: Lower chambers blood leaves through left ventricle |
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Flow of Blood:
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comes into the right atrium to the right ventricle then goes to the lungs then goes back to the left atrium and out the left ventricle to the rest of the body
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Pulmonary Circulation:
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blood to and from the lungs
-will occur in the right side of the heart |
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Systemic circulation:
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left side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body
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Arteries:
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oxygen to rest of the blood
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Veins:
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less oxygenated blood back to the heart
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Systole:
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heart contraction: pressure in heart when it contracts
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Diastole:
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the period of relaxation
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The heartbeat is controlled by an electrical signal that originates in a group of specialized cells called the...
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sinus node
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Veins:
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carry blood to the heart
-thin walls |
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Arteries:
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-Carry the blood away from the heart
-thick elastic walls which expand and relax with the volume of blood -coronary artery (two large vessels that supply blood to the heart) |
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Capillaries:
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tiny vessels that supply blood to the heart
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Venules:
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blood empties from the capillaries into the venules, which connect to the veins that return the blood back to the heart
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Major Risk factors of Cardiovascular Disease:
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-tobacco use
-high blood pressure -high cholesterol -physical inactivity -obesity -diabetes |
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What is the number one preventable cause of CVD?
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Smoking
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High blood pressure also called...
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hypertension (too much pressure against arterial walls)
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High cholesterol:
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-a fatty, wax like substance that circulates through the blood stream- it is an important component of: cell membranes, sex hormones, vitamin D, fluid that coats the lungs, protective sheaths around nerves
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Obesity is strongly associated with
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hypertension, high cholesterol, insulin resistance, diabetes, physical inactivity, age
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Contributing risk factors for CVD:
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high triglyceride
psychological and social factors (stress, depression, anxiety, etc.) |
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Risk factors that cannot be changed:
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heredity, aging, being male, ethnicity
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Atherosclerosis:
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arteries become narrowed by fatty deposits
-coronary arteries become blocked with plaque -depositing of plaque restricts blood flow |
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Heart Attack:
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-coronary artery becomes blocked
-heart tissue damaged and may die bc of lack of blood -MI |
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Heart attack symptoms:
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chest pain, arm neck or jaw pain, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness
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Argina:
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arteries are narrowed by disease but open enough to deliver blood undernormal circumstances
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Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death:
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electrical conduction system is didrupted
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Cerebrovascular:
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a blockage of blood supply to the brain
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Ischemic stroke:
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blockage in a blood vessel
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Thrombotic stroke:
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clot forms in cerebral artery; hypertension
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Embolic stroke:
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wandering blood clot
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how many brain cells die per minute during a stroke?
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2 million
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What three things do you ask to recognize a stroke?
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-smile
-raise both arms -speak a simple sentence |
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Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
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atherosclerosis in the leg (or arm) arteries, which can limit or obstruct blood flow
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Congestive Heart Failure:
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will occur when the heart cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force, fluids will back up and collect in the lungs and other areas
--pulmonary edema |
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DASH:
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
-low in fat, high in fruit, vegetable and dairy products |
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Protection from Heart problems:
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exercise, avoid tobacco, manage blood pressure and cholesterol, handle stress and anger effectively
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Cancer:
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second most common cause of death
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What is cancer:
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abnormal uncontrolled multiplication of cells that can lead to death
- a group of disease affecting different areas of the body -most take form of tumor |
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Tumor:
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a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose
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Benign tumor:
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mass of cells enclosed in a membrane that prevents their penetration of other tissues
-can be dangerous, but not cancerous |
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Malignant tumor:
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can invade surrounding tissues
-always cancerous |
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Metastasis:
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the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
-primary tumor is original location of cancer |
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metastasizing:
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the traveling and seeding process of cancerous celss
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New tumors are called...
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secondary tumors or metastases
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Carcinomas:
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most common- start from epithelial tissues (breasts, skin, lungs, prostate)
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Sarcomas:
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from connective and fibrous tissues (bone, muscle, cartilage, lining)
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Lymphomas:
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cancers of the lymph nodes
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Leukemia:
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cancer of the blood forming cells of our bone marrow
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What is the most common cause of cancer in the US?
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Lung cancer! --> Smoking!
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Third most common type of cancer:
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Colon and rectal cancer
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Most common cancer in women:
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Breast cnacer
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Most common cancer in men:
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prostate cancer
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Cancers of the Female reproductive tract:
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Cervical cancer
Uterine or Endometrial Ovarian |
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The most common form of cancer:
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skin cancer
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Basal and Squamous cell carcinomas:
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95% of all skin cancers (found on areas of the body exposed to the sun and appear as pale wax like nodules or even red scaly patches)
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Melanoma:
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most dangerous because it will spread rapidly and evade surrounding tissue (back, chest, and abdomen usually) start at site of preexisting mole-- burn itch and bleed readily
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Death:
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occurs when the body is no longer able to function
-the cessation of the flow of vital bodily fluids and the heart beating and breathing |
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Brain death:
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lack of receptivity and response ot external stimuli
-absence of spontaneous muscular movement and breathing -absence of reflexes and brain activity |
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Clinical death:
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what they look at as absence of the heart beat
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Cellular death:
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a gradual process that follows the shutdown of the heart, brain, respiration- body just stops
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empirical facts about death:
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universality
irreversibility non-functionality causality |
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Testator:
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the person who made the will
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Intestate:
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person who dies without a will
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Physician-assisted suicide (PAS)
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physician provides lethal drugs or other interventions, gives meds knowing that the patient is planning to end their life
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Active euthanasia:
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intentional act of killing someone who would otherwise suffer from and incurable and painful disease
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Passive Euthanasia:
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withholding or withdrawing treatments that could possibly sustain life when it seems hopeless to continue
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5 psychological stages in response to an awareness of imminent death:
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denial
anger bargaining depression acceptance |
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4 dimensions in coping with dying:
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-physical (satisfy bodily needs and minimize discomfort, take a trip)
-Psychological: maximize security -social- taking care of kids -Spiritual: identify, redevelop, or affirm sources of meaning |
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Tasks of Mourning:
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accepting reality
working through the pain adjusting to a changed environment emotionally relocating the deceased and moving on with life |
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Stages of Grief:
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shock or denial
emotional disorganization lethargy, depressed, restless resolution |
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leading cause of fire is..
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cooking
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leading cause of fire deaths is...
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careless smoking
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