Personal Health Exam I

Front 1

(6) Methods of Transmission

Back 1

1. Anal Sex
2. Vaginal Sex
3. Oral Sex
4. Sexual contact skin to skin
5. Blood
6. Breast Milk

Front 2

(3) Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

Back 2

1. Chlamydia
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis

Front 3

CHLAMYDIA
Method of Transmission

Back 3

1. Body Fluids via vaginal, anal, or oral
2. can be passed from infected mother to her baby at birth

Front 4

CHLAMYDIA
Symptoms in Women


75% have no symptoms

Back 4

1. abnormal vaginal discharge
2. burning with urination
3. pain with intercourse
4. vaginal bleeding between periods
5. painful inflammation of oviducts

Front 5

CHLAMYDIA
Complications in Women

Back 5

PID- pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 6

CHLAMYDIA
PID

Back 6

- occurs in up to 40% of untreated women
- may cause damage to fallopian tubes, uterus and surrounding tissues
- damage can lead to chronic pelvic pain, potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy, and infertility

Front 7

CHLAMYDIA
Symptoms in Men


50% have no symptoms

Back 7

1. burning sensation during urination
2. watery discharge from the penis
3. pain and swelling in testicles

Front 8

CHLAMYDIA
Complications in Men

Back 8

1. Urinary tract infections
2. Epididymitis (inflammation of the testicles)
3. Infertility (rarely)

Front 9

CHLAMYDIA
Tests and Treatments

Back 9

Women- vaginal swab
Men- urine test, urethral swab

treatment: antibiotics for cure

Front 10

GONORRHEA
Methods of Transmission

Back 10

1. Spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus
2. Ejaculation does not have to occur for transmission

Front 11

GONORRHEA
Symptoms in Women

Back 11

1. Most females are asymptomatic
2. They can be so non-specific as to be mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection.

Front 12

GONORRHEA
Complications in Women

Back 12

PID

Front 13

GONORRHEA
Symptoms in Men

Back 13

1. Urethritis
2. Painful urination
3. Thick yellowish white or green discharge from the penis
4. Lips of the urethral opening may become inflamed and swollen
5. Lymph glands in the groin become enlarged and swollen

Front 14

GONORRHEA
Complications in Men

Back 14

1. Urethritis
2. Epididymitis (may lead to infertility if untreated)

Front 15

GONORRHEA
Tests and Treatments

Back 15

Samples of urine, cervical, urethral, throat or rectal fluids

Treatments: antibiotics

Front 16

SYPHILIS
Cause

Back 16

caused by bacteria known as treponema pallidum

Front 17

SYPHILIS
Method of Transmission

Back 17

Through direct contact with the syphilis sore
- anal or vaginal intercourse
- oral genital contact
- mother to child at birth

Front 18

SYPHILIS
Primary Stage

Back 18

- Chancre (firm, round, small and painless sore) appears w/in 10-90 days after exposure
- Chancres are highly contagious when present and can last 3-6 weeks. They heal without treatment.
- If the disease is not treated during this stage, the infection progresses to the secondary stage.

Front 19

SYPHILIS
Secondary Stage

Back 19

- Characterized by a skin rash and mucous membrane lesions
- Starts with the development of a rash on 1 or more areas of the body.
- Rashes can appear as the chancre is healing or several weeks after the chancre has healed.
- The signs and symptoms will resolve with or without treatment, but without treatment, the infection will progress to the latent and late stages of disease.

Front 20

SYPHILIS
Tertiary or Latent Stage

Back 20

- Begins when secondary symptoms disappear
- Usually begins from 6 months to 2 years after the initial infection
- Damage to the brain, nerves, eyes heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints
- Blindness
- Severe dementia
- Death

Front 21

SYPHILIS
Test

Back 21

- Observing material from chancre under a microscope
- Blood Test

Front 22

SYPHILIS
Treatments

Back 22

- A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year.
- must abstain from sexual contact with new partners until the syphilis sores are completely healed.

Front 23

Parasitic Sexually Transmitted Disease

Back 23

Trichomoniasis

Front 24

TRICHOMONIASIS
Causes

Back 24

caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite
- vagina common site in women
- urethra common site of infection in men

Front 25

TRICHOMONIASIS
Transmission

Back 25

Penis-to-vagina contact
Vulva to Vulva

Front 26

TRICHOMONIASIS
Symptoms in Women

Back 26

- Frothy yellow-green foul smelling vaginal discharge
- Severe itching and irritation of the vagina and vulva
- Painful sexual intercourse
- Lower abdominal discomfort (rare)
- Discomfort during urination
- May be asymptomatic
- Symptoms will appear w/in 5-28 days of being infected

Front 27

TRICHOMONIASIS
Symptoms in Men

Back 27

- Discharge from urethra
- Irritation inside of penis (along urethra)
- Burning sensation during or after urination or ejaculation

Front 28

TRICHOMONIASIS
Complications

Back 28

- can increase a women’s susceptibility to HIV if she is exposed to the HIV virus

Front 29

DEFINE STEM CELLS

Back 29

a special protective mechanism that exists for certain cells

Front 30

How does cancer arise?

Back 30

From a single cell that is mutated or exposed to a carcinogen- cancer causing substance

Front 31

Initiating Event

Back 31

occurs as a result of an error in duplication or in response to a carcinogen

Front 32

Oncogene

Back 32

gene that drives a cell to grow and divide regardless of signals from surrounding cells

Front 33

Tumor

Back 33

mass of extra tissue; may be benign or malignant

Front 34

Malignant Tumor

Back 34

(neoplasm) cancerous, can invade surrounding tissue

Front 35

Benign Tumor

Back 35

mass of cells enclosed in a membrane that prevents their spreading to other tissues

Front 36

Metastasis

Back 36

the spreading of cancer cells, occurs because cancer cells do not stick to each other as strongly as normal cells; results in secondary tumor

Front 37

Carcinomas

Back 37

arise from the epithelial tissue, which includes the skin, the lining of the intestines and body cavities, the surface of body organs, and the outer portions of the glands.

Front 38

Sarcomas

Back 38

originate in connective and fibrous tissues; bone, tendon, muscle, cartilage, membranes covering muscle or fat tissues.

Front 39

Lymphomas

Back 39

originate in the lymph nodes or glands

Front 40

Leukemias

Back 40

cancers of the blood and originate in the bone marrow are lymphatic system

Front 41

Classifying Cancers

Back 41

graded on the basis of the degree to which the tumor cells resemble healthy cells of the same type under the microscope

Front 42

Grade I

Back 42

tumor cells are very similar to the healthy cells, the tumor cells are considered well differentiated and low grade

Front 43

Grade IV

Back 43

tumor cells are very different from healthy cells, the tumor cells are considered poorly differentiated and high grade

Front 44

Classifying Cancers in Systems
System 1

Back 44

Five Categories (Stage 0, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV.

Front 45

1st System
Categories

Back 45

Stage 0- “cancer in sutu”
Stage 1- generally small and localized to the original site
Stage II and III- locally advanced and may or may not involve local lymph nodes
Stage IV- metastasized to distant sites

Front 46

2nd System
TNM

Back 46

Tumors, nodes and metastasis are rated based on size and extent of spread
Tumor size rated 0-4
Nodes rated 0-3
Metastasis rated 0 or 1, present or not

Front 47

4 most common cancers

Back 47

lung, colon, breast, and prostate- account for nearly 50% of cancer deaths

Front 48

Risk factors for Lung Cancer

Back 48

- use of smoking tobacco products
-exposure to
carcinogenic chemicals
arsenic
radon
asbestos
air pollution

Front 49

Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Back 49

coughin
blood streaked sputum
chest pain
difficulty breathing
recurrent lung infections

Front 50

Treatment of Lung Cancer

Back 50

small tumors- surgery
more advanced- combo of radiation and chemotherapy

Front 51

Survival Rates of Cancers

Back 51

Lung Cancer
1 year- 42% 5 year- 15%
Breast Cancer
5 year- 86.6%
Prostate Cancer
5 yr- 98%, 10 yr- 84%, 15 yr-56%

Front 52

Colorectal Cancer (Colon or Rectum) Risk Factors

Back 52

Age, Heredity (genetics), Lifestyle (diet), smoking, alcohol use, obesity, physical inactivity

Front 53

Polyps

Back 53

small growths on the wall of the colon that may gradually develop into malignancies

Front 54

Colorectal Cancer Warning Signs

Back 54

change in bowel movements, change in stool size or shape, pain in abdomen, blood in stool

Front 55

Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Controllable

Back 55

- never having children
- having 1st child after 30
- obesity after menopause
- hormone replacement therapy
- drinking 2 or more beverages/day

Front 56

Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Noncontrollable

Back 56

- early menstruation
- late menopause
- family history in 1st degree relative
- older age
- genes BRCA1 and BRCA2

Front 57

Breast Cancer Screening Options

Back 57

1. Mammography
2. Clinical Breast Exam
3. Breast Self Exam (BSE)

Front 58

Prostate Cancer
Risk Factors

Back 58

65 years or older
family history
being african american
high fat diet

Front 59

Cervical Cancer
Risk Factors

Back 59

- early sexual activity
- multiple sex partners
- cigarette smoking
- low socioeconomic status

Front 60

Other name for uterine cancer

Back 60

endometrial cancer

Front 61

Ovarian Cancer similarity to breast cancer

Back 61

genes present- BRCA1 and BRCA2