Personal Counseling Test 2

Front 1

The majority that ministers do is typically less than

Back 1

10 sessions – typically 2-3 sessions.

Front 2

Milton Erickson points out that most individuals are not seeking what?

Back 2

enlightenment about the past but are seeking help with their dissatisfaction of the present and a desire for a better future.

Front 3

What does Stone propose about longterm and short term counseling?

Back 3

most people do not require long-term methods and that short-term methods will be equally effective

Front 4

Must one get to the “root” of the problem to help someone?

Back 4

Two things work against this assumption.
Exploration of a person’s history is not a condition for positive change.
Even profound insight frequently proves insufficient.

Front 5

What do some people believe about finding the source of the problem? What does research indicate about this?

Back 5

change accomplished without finding the source of the problem will be short lived.
Research indicates this kind of thinking is not validated.

Front 6

When does the majority of change happen in counseling?

Back 6

in the first few sessions

Front 7

what are some reasons for choosing short term counseling?

Back 7

Most people only come for a few sessions regardless of their initial commitment.
Efficiency is another reason for using short term methods.
These methods are better adapted for other responsibilities a minister has.

Front 8

What sets the immediate context for responding to others?

Back 8

time factor

Front 9

The Time Factor.

Back 9

To a significant degree, timing sets the immediate context for responding to others.
Time is important to both the helper and the person seeking help.
Time needs to be organized to be used as efficiently as possible.
Limiting the number of sessions is referred to as time-limited counseling.

Front 10

A good reason for limiting sessions is to

Back 10

encourage persons to focus on counseling during the sessions.

Front 11

What does E.L. Philips say about time?

Back 11

“Whenever something appears to be open ended as to time, it tends to lull us into inactivity, encourage postponement, wastefulness”

Front 12

How does talking relate to problem solving?

Back 12

Talking will not solve problems, it will only open the door to solve problems. It is information that will help you know some key issues, develop a plan, and take some concrete actions.

Front 13

Why is it important to have a plan when solving problems?

Back 13

- you can jump in and tell someone what to do without a plan and then you will end up going around in circles.

Front 14

The helping process must be geared to what?

Back 14

focus on key issues, develop a plan for change, and help counselees take concrete actions.

Front 15

The helping process uses what?

Back 15

the least extreme method, the least invasive, simplest approach in any situation.

Front 16

The goal of brief counseling is not what?

Back 16

to solve all of an individual’s or family’s problems.

Front 17

The short term approach assumes what?

Back 17

a ripple effect – change in one area will generalize and spread to other areas.

Front 18

what can a small number of sessions hinder?

Back 18

the formation of dependence.

Front 19

Establish an Empathetic Relationship:

Back 19

- Establish a solid base of rapport and acceptance with the troubled individual.
- Listen carefully, temporarily suspending judgment, offer appropriate warmth and respect.
- Most troubled people do not take helpers seriously unless they

Front 20

what are some important elements of resolving the problem?

Back 20

- Establish an epithetic relationship
- focus on the problem
- assess the problem
- look for exceptions
- establish limited goals

Front 21

Focus on the problem:

Back 21

First, identify the central problem.
The more concrete and specific the problem, the more readily solutions will be available.
The dominant concern is not basic personality change, but the management of specific problems.

Front 22

Assess the problem:

Back 22

- Assessment does not require all the facts before one can begin managing the problem.
- The focus is looking for cues (stimuli) that trigger the onset of the problem and the reinforcers (rewards) that maintain it.
- Extensively exploring a person’s history or discerning underlying causes is not necessary nor does the counselee need insight to act.

- Another phase of assessing the problem is to see how serious the person is about working to bring about change.
Check on what previous attempts at change have tried

Front 23

Look for exceptions.

Back 23

Do not just look at times when the problem is happening but at times when the problem is not happening.
Find out what is different during the times when the problem is not happening and use that to build strengths for change.
This approach does not suggest something new, it suggests using things already being used.

Front 24

Establish limited goals.

Back 24

Determine what the future will look like when the complaint is solved.
Define and work toward the goal, determining how they will get there.
There should be a clear description of the desired change or solution.
Critical to success is to not cover too much ground or try to change too quickly (limit goals).

Front 25

Two methods to form a vision of the future:

Back 25

Tell me how you want your life to be different months from now.
“The magic question” – If you woke up tomorrow and your problem was magically gone, how would you know it? How would your family and friends know and say how you had changed?

Front 26

Married couples tend to describe their spouses in terms of their

Back 26

behavioral flaws

Front 27

Some individuals think of the problem only as

Back 27

residing in someone or something outside of them.

Front 28

What is an objective in resolving the problem

Back 28

- is to change their view of themselves and their thinking about to problem so they begin to see that they have some part in the solution.
- Help the individuals choose one or two target goals and do not let other things that come up in the discussion bog down progress.

Front 29

No matter how complex a problem is, often what is needed to begin resolution of a problem is what?

Back 29

one small change

Front 30

Developing the plan is primarily the responsibility of what?

Back 30

the helper

Front 31

Two things important to the success of the plan:

Back 31

- Individuals must comprehend the specific steps needed to address their difficulties.
- The steps taken must be achievable in a short period of time.

Front 32

the helper needs to remain proactive by doing what?

Back 32

selecting the specific change procedures to be used

Front 33

how do you assign doable homework tasks?

Back 33

by addressing and acting on the specific issue in real life throuhgh the use of outside of session tasks

Front 34

you should build couselee's strenghts by showing them hospitality (true or false)

Back 34

True

Front 35

people often ignore their own strenghts and resources (T/F)

Back 35

True

Front 36

the purpose of counseling is not to

Back 36

resolve all the problems but to make an initial break-through

Front 37

an intiatial breakthrough helps counselees...

Back 37

aquire some basic skills they'll need for continued development & growth after counseling has ended

Front 38

You needs to let individuals know they can return for help whenever new or recurring issues emerge (T/F)

Back 38

True

Front 39

what are the 9 diff homework tasks?

Back 39

Select directly related tasks.
Develop appropriate level tasks.
Assign tasks of increasing difficulty.
Negotiate homework options rather than simply prescribing them.
The importance of the task needs to be understood by the person doing them. Give recognition for accomplished tasks.
Remove confusion about the task by giving specific details.
Make sure the person is committed to the task.
Make sure the person learns what they are supposed to learn.

Front 40

10 types of homework

Back 40

Assessment of the problems that are in the relationship.
Recognize and record specific behavior.
Keep a journal.
Reading books or articles.
Note and record exceptions – what you do to avoid a specific problems.
Assign new experiences -- something different.
Assign interpersonal tasks – write a letter.
Self-improvement tasks – exercise program, relaxation exercises.
Paradoxical tasks – telling people to do what the therapists doesn’t want them to do it – the therapist wants them to change by rebelling.
If people are going to resist, encourage them to exist.
(ex: tell an insomniac to stay awake, give a nervous person permission to be nervous)

Front 41

the final goal of all helping is to get an

Back 41

action that brings about problem management

Front 42

action needs to be directed toward what?

Back 42

specific identifiable problems in their daily lives

Front 43

the five tasks of problem management is G.R.A.C.E. grace=

Back 43

Goals, Resources, Alternatives, Commitment to action, Evaluation

Front 44

Paradoxical tasks is

Back 44

telling people to do what the therapists doesn’t want them to do it – the therapist wants them to change by rebelling

Front 45

Paradoxical Strategies in addressing Marital Distress is (2)

Back 45

Reframing & Prescription

Front 46

Reframing (4)-

Back 46

accepting the counselee’s problems at face value
not trying to argue them out of their “frame”
focuses on how people think about events.
Offers a different interpretation of experiences

Front 47

prescription-

Back 47

directing a person to do certain things, much as a physician prescribes medicine, can be a very helpful thing.

Front 48

Symptom prescription is

Back 48

prescribing things that are being done – prescribing fighting if a person fights but changing how the problem is practiced

Front 49

Paradoxical intervention = Symptom modification

Back 49

makes the symptom a duty that is no longer forbidden and will often loose its appeal

Front 50

Paradoxical intervention = Confusion

Back 50

Prefacing a crucial counseling intervention with deliberately confusing words. Clients will often try to correct.

Front 51

Paradoxical intervention = Convince me you should change

Back 51

convinces the person to convince the helper about their motivations rather than vice versa.

Front 52

paradoxical interventions = Dereflection

Back 52

thoughts and activities that are explored and experiments conducted until productive ones are discovered (a cold shower).

Front 53

paradoxical interventions = Benevolent sabotage

Back 53

an acknowledgment of what is expected but followed by a frank acknowledgment that one is not is a position to do anything if compliance is not given.

Front 54

paradoxical interventions = Relabeling

Back 54

describes a negative characteristic in a more positive light with a new and more realistic way.

Front 55

What should the preacher consider beofre getting invovled? (4)

Back 55

The person – we all have different talents.
The situation – The “country preacher” because of his situation, may not have many counseling opportunities.
The agreement w/the elders.
The opportunities.

Front 56

Questions one should ask before getting involved: (8)

Back 56

Why do I want to counsel?
Do I have the ability to counsel effectively?
What is my role as a counselor?
Do I understand my own vulnerability?
Do I understand my own sexuality especially when counseling the opposite sex?
What kind of person do I need to be?
What must I do to help others know, say, be, do?
Do I have someone to talk to?

Front 57

COUNSELOR CHARACTERISTICS

Back 57

Awareness of self and one’s values
Awareness of cultural experiences
Ability to “analyze” one’s feelings
Ability to serve as a model
Strong ethical stance
Honest, genuine, and sincere
Ability to confront with love
Caring, warm, empathic
Open, tolerant, accepting
Competent in field
Believe clients are unique and have value
Believe clients can change
Good common sense
Willingness to become involved
Ability to appropriately self-disclose
Ability to protect self
Ability to love

Front 58

the most important skill in counseling is

Back 58

listeening

Front 59

listening is NOT

Back 59

Passive
Thinking ahead to plan the perfect reply
Talking
Waiting while you discover the right solution
Conquering the other person

Front 60

listening IS

Back 60

Caring enough to give your very best (yourself)
Giving the other person your full attention
Taking him or her seriously
Hearing feelings as well as facts
Letting that person lead the conversation (one of the hardest things to learn)
Be willing to follow

Front 61

*COUNSELING SKILLS* (10)

Back 61

Listening
Rapport building
Information gathering
Structuring
Reflecting
Leading – exploration
Confrontation – challenging
Interpretation
Self-disclosure
Summarizing

Front 62

CLIENTS ARE PEOPLE WHO ARE IN THE IMAGE OF GOD WHO HAVE POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH TOWARD WHOLENESS
(t/f)

Back 62

true

Front 63

BLOCKED GROWTH WILL CAUSE

Back 63

PEOPLE TO BE UNABLE TO RELATE IN WAYS THAT SATISFY THEIR NEEDS REQUIRED FOR HEALTHY PERSONALITY GROWTH

Front 64

3 DIFFERENT FACTORS CAN CONSTRICT GROWTH TOWARD WHOLENESS (Clinebell)

Back 64

Lack of adequate supply of mature love in early life.
A traumatic crisis or series of crises
Paralysis caused by inner conflicts

Front 65

4 DIFFERENT FACTORS CAN CONSTRICT GROWTH TOWARD WHOLENESS (Clinebell)

Back 65

Debilitating anxieties.
Accumulated consequences of irresponsible living.
Toxic marriage or other close relationships.
Societal and institutional growth oppression and injustice.

Front 66

* THREE THINGS TO REMEMBER ABOUT CLIENTS*
EITHER:

Back 66

Fixed on the past.
Obsessed with the present.
Or, anxious about the future.

Front 67

* RELUCTANT CLIENTS *
FEATURES:

Back 67

Someone else is responsible for their being in counseling.
May feel rejected or rebellious.

Front 68

* RELUCTANT CLIENTS *
COUNSELOR RESPONSE:

Back 68

What is he/she trying to do to me?
What am I doing in return?
Am I really interested?
Should we make agreement to do counseling?

Front 69

* RESISTANT CLIENTS *
FEATURES:

Back 69

Don’t want changes to occur.
Treat you like someone else (transference).
Can be short and sharp with you.
Silent, closed, rarely add to or start a conversation.
Will laugh or make a joke.
Talk too much.
Intellectualize.
Generalize.

Front 70

* MOTIVATION FOR RESISTING: *

Back 70

SECONDARY GAIN – MARTYR COMPLEX

Front 71

* COUNSELOR RESPONSE: *

Back 71

Reflect what client is doing.
Confront.
Understand reason for the resistance. Their behavior is a way of coping. What is it doing for the client?
Refer cases you can’t handle.

Front 72

VALUE IN HOMEWORK for counseling
IT IS NOT DESIGNED TO BE BUSY WORK.

Back 72

Homework is a way of extending the session; client does the homework, apart form the session; the client should bring the results to the next session; it gives client practice in doing things on their own.

Front 73

types of homework:

Back 73

Prayer and meditation.
Testing.
Reading (Bible study).
Relaxation tapes – for people under extreme stress.

Front 74

* STEPS IN THE COUNSELING PROCESS *

Back 74

BUILDING A RELATIONSHIP – this is the foundation of counseling
EXPLORING THE PROBLEMS – counseling is more than just problem solving
DECIDE ON A COURSE OF ACTION – the greatest problem the client has is the inability to take some action
STIMULATE THEM TO TAKE ACTION – the client usually can not get started on their own.
TERMINATING THE RELATIONSHIP – you do not want the client to grow dependent on you.

Front 75

105

Back 75

105

Front 76

The perspective of brief pastoral counseling

Back 76

establish a brief counseling orientation
establish an empathetic relationship
focus on the problem
assess the problem
look for exceptions

Front 77

the use of homework tasks

Back 77

select directly related tasks
develop appropriate level tasks
assign a series of graded tasks
plan mutually developed tasks
convey the importance of homework tasks

Front 78

what listening is/isnt

Back 78

a:

Front 79

-individual counseling shud look 4 exceptions: means

Back 79

a:

Front 80

resistant/reluctant clients (features & differances)

Back 80

a:

Front 81

2 things that work against th assumption that getting to the root of the problem is th best/only means of releiving it

Back 81

a:

Front 82

3 reasons short term counseling is the best

Back 82

a:

Front 83

peridoxical means-

Back 83

a:

Front 84

steps in the counseling process

Back 84

BEDST