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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A humidified atmosphere is recommended for a young child with an upper respiratory tract infection because this environment facilitates: |
Soothing inflamed mucous membranes |
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It is important that a child with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) infection be treated with antibiotics to prevent: |
Acute rheumatic fever Acute gomerulonephritis |
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When caring for a child after a tonsillectomy, the nurse should: |
Watch for continuous swallowing **Most obvious early sign of bleeding from the operative site |
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A 4-yo girl is brought to the ER. She has a frog-like "croaking" sound on inspiration, is agitated, and is drooling. She insists on sitting upright. The nurse should: |
Notify the physician immediately and be prepared to assist with a tracheostomy or intubation |
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The mother of a 20-month-old boy tells the nurse he has a "barking cough" at night. His temperature is 37 C. The nurse suspects croup and recommends: |
Trying a cool-mist vaporizer at night and watching for signs of difficulty breathing |
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An infant with a congenital heart defect is receiving palivizumab (Synagis). The purpose of this is to: |
Prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). |
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A child with asthma is having pulmonary function tests. The purpose of the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is to: |
Assess the severity of asthma |
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A 4-yr old boy needs to use a metered-dose inhaler to treat asthma. He cannot coordinate the breathing to use it effectively. The nurse should suggest he use a: |
Spacer |
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One of the goals for children with asthma is to prevent respiratory infection. This is because respiratory infection: |
Can trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state |
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Cystic fibrosis may affect singular or multiple systems of the body. The primary factor responsible for possible multiple clinical manifestations is: |
Mechanical obstruction caused by increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions |
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The parents of a child with CF call the clinic nurse to report that the child has developed tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, pallor, and cyanosis. The nurse should tell the parents to bring the child to the clinic because these symptoms are suggestive of: |
Pneumothorax ***Bronchodilation and C02 retention do not cause these symptoms |
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Because the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is decreased in children with CF, supplementation of which vitamins is necessary? |
ADEK |
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An immediate intervention when an infant chokes on a piece of food would be to: |
Deliver 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the infant in a head down, face down position |
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Asthma is classified into four categories: mild-intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent. Clinical features used to determine these categories include: |
Lung function Frequency of symptoms Frequency and severity of exacerbations |
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A 5-yo child is brought to the ER with abrupt onset sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, and sitting upright and forward. Acute epiglottitis is suspected. What are the most appropriate nursing interventions? |
Vital signs Medical history Assessment of breath sounds Emergency airway equipment readily available |
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Nasopharyngitis |
Common cold Fever, irritable, decreased appetite and fluid intake, deceased activity, diarrhea and vomiting. Older children: sneezing, chilly sensations, muscle aches, Nadal discharge and cough |
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Pharyngitis |
Strep throat/sore throat ****serious complications: acute rheumatic fever (18 days after); acute glomerulonephritis (10 days after)** Abrupt onset: fever, sore throat, headache, abdo pain, tonsils and pharynx covered in exudate, tender nodes, painful swallowing |
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Diagnosis and tx for nasopharyngitis/ pharyngitis: |
Dx: throat culture Tx: PCN |
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Tonsillitis |
Inflammation of tonsils Bacterial OR viral Difficulty swallowing and breathing, blocked nasal passages, impaired sense of taste/smell, dry mucus membranes, nasal muffled voice. |
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Tonsillitis dx/tx |
Dx: Throat culture Tx: treat symptoms |
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Influenza |
Type A or B
Deadly in infants (keep hydrated), more common in school age children, 1-3 day incubation, infectious for 24 hrs before and after onset of symptoms |
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Mononucleosis |
"Kissing disease" Transmitted by saliva Cause by Epstein-Barr virus S&s: 10 days-6 wks after exposure; malaise, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, splenomegaly, fatigue, fever, skin rash, diptheria-like (grey) membrane on tonsils |
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Mono dx |
Mono slot slide test |
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Otitis media |
From strep, blocked eustachian tubes Pain, irritability, pulling on ears, constant fever as high as 104F, vomiting/diarrhea, possible concurrent Resp infection, loss of appetite |
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Otitis media tx |
Amoxicillin; if recurrent? --->Augmentin. Last resort? --->Rocephin IM |
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AIR RAID |
Airway closed Increased pulse Restless Retraction Anxious Indpiratory strider Drooling |
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Bronchitis |
Inflammation of large airways, viral cause, also bacterial in kids over 6y Dry hacking nonproductive cough, whose at night, productive in 2-3 days |
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Bronchitis tx |
Analgesics, antipyretics, humidity,cough suppressants |
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RSV bronchiolitis |
Necrosis of the Resp epithelium of the small airways, peribronchiolar mononucleosis infiltration, plugging of lumens, and **hyperinflation and atelectasis** Initial: pharyngitis, coughing, sneezing, wheezing, possible otitis media or eye infection, intermittent fever Progressing: increased cough/wheezing, air hunger, tachypnea of >70 breaths/min, retractions, cyanosis, apneic spells, poor air exchange, poor breath sounds |
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RSV dx/tx |
Testing of nasal/nasopharyngeal secretions==glow? Positive result Tx: cool humidification 02, adequate fluids, IV fluids till after acute phase, airway management and meds: Bronchodilators Racemic epi Ribavarin-***danger, alters DNA so no pregnant women or anyone at risk*** Encourage breastfeeding mothers to pump and store milk |
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CF tx |
Depends on body system:
GI:Supplemental pancreatic enzymes Pulmonary: Prevention/tx of respiratory infection Chest physiotherapy
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CF dx |
Family hx Absence of pancreatic enzymes Elevated electrolytes in sweat Chest x ray Stool analysis- unformed; fatty |
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Asthma assessments, important b tests |
PaCO2 on ABG PEF Pulse ox |
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Inhaled corticosteroid therapy |
Raises BGL Reflex cough Voice change (dysphonia) |
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Systemic corticosteroids |
Inc. BGL Mood change Round face Acne |
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Corticosteroids used for asthma? |
Prednisone (oral) Dexsmethasone (IV) |
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Antileukotrienes for asthma? |
Singulair! |