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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mastication
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chewing
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deglutition
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swallowing
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salivary
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pertaining to saliva
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sublingual
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under the tongue
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pylorus
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bottom portion of stomach
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gastric
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pertainign to the stomach
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colon ca
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colonoscopy to remove CA
bowel resection to remove CA |
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neoplasms
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cancer
any esopageal disorder can cause it |
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appendicitis
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inflammation of appendix if untreated can rupture
S\SX rebound pain, right lower quardant pain nausea and vomiting high WBC |
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obstruction
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bowels not moving
listen to bowel sounds hyperactive rt lower quadrant * when the colon stops working it starts to die |
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irritable bowel syndrome
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spastic colon
cause overuse of laxatives psych stress tx psych support high fiber diet |
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diverticula
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out pouching of intestines becareful with food eaten
high fiber diet |
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divericulitis
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inflammation of intesonal outpouching
acute abdominal pain can blled out very fast result of diverticula |
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colon polyps
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tumor like nodul in colon
pre cancerous do polypectomy |
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inflamitroy bowel disease
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ulcerative colitis or crohns
inflammation and ulceration of mucus membrane of the colon chronic and reocurring |
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peritoneum
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serous membrane that lines walls of body cavities and enclosing viscera
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peritoneal cavity
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the peritoneal space between the partietal and visceral layers of peritoneum
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esophageal varices
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crack in esophagus goes hand in hand with alcohol
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Hemorrhoids
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swollen blood vessle of anus or rectum
cause-straingin, pregnancy, aging, hereditery, anal sex s/sx brightened blood after wiping tx tucks pads, ice packs |
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of pancreas
cause-back flush of enzymes if duct funtion property 90% caused by alcohol S/SX abdominal pain in midgastric area. radiates to back tx strict GI rest, upper serum amalyze Ng tube, low suction |
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alimentary
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gastrointestinal
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mesentery
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folds of the peritoneum that provide support and protection to the intestines
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omentum
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a fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach to adjacent abdominal
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buccal
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cheek or mouth
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sphincter
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circular band of muscle fibers that closes a passage or natural opening to the body
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villi
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finger-like projections in the sm intestine that provide absorption area for nutrients to enter the blood stream
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bile
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fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that aids in fat digestion
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rugae
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folds of the stomach when its empty
(allows the stomach to expand when food is eaten |
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bilirubin
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orange yellow pigment of bile, formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC after termination of their normal life span
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stomach secretes ____ ml per day
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1500-3000ml
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stomach functions
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recieving food
mixing food with gastric juices initiates digestion of proteins into amino acids digestion of straches moves food into sm intestine |
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small intestine cont
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where most absorption takes place (nutrients and elements)
recieves disestive enzymes from liver and pancreas finalizes digestion into chyme |
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biliary tract
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liver
makes glycogen stores vit a b12 d glycagin, iron removes damaged RBC and foregin substances secretes bile, fibrogen, prothrombin secretes albumin it stabilizes blood pressure breaks down fat and protein |
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hepatic potral circulation
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recieve blood from pancreas, stomach, sm and lg intestine, circular up from liver for detox
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gallbladder
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stores bile
bile goes down common bile duct to sm intestine to digest fat pear shaped sac |
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pancreas
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indocrin and exocrin function
secretes to down pancriatic duct acinar cells make up pancreas secrete 1. amalase 2. trypsin 3. lipase |
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amalase
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digest strach
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trypin
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digest protein
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lipase
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digest fat
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lab tests
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hemocult
stool samples blood tests LFT |
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X-Rays
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npo
flat plate barium swallow barium enema ct/mri |
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endoscopy
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sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy upper endoscopy ERCP liver biopsy paracentesis |
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ERCP
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endoscopic
retrograde cholangio pancreatography |
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stomach
ulcer |
cause- h pylorie
s/sx pain nausea vomiting black tar poop coffee grounds emesis TX upper endoscopy or upper GI series |
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esophageal
dysphagia |
difficulty swallowing
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Achalasia
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narrowing or stricture in cardiac sphincter
open the narrowing surgically risk aspiration, malnourishment |
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esophagitis
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can be caused by GERD inflammation of esophagus
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GERD
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gastric esophageal reflux disease
"heartburn" s/sx burning, pain tx releved with antacids |
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hiatal hernia
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allows the stomach to come up thru the cardiac spincter cause obesity, pregnancy, prolonged pressure
S/SX similar to GERD DX barruim swallow TX smae as GERD or surgery |
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zenkers diverticulum
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out pouching in esophagus
can be caused by alcholo s/sx bad breath, belching, regergitation tx HOB 90 degrees barium swallow |
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gastritis
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acute inflammation
s/sx nausea and voitming, malasie, pain cause-bad alcholo, diff meds tx general GI assessment |
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lauage
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leaving the body
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gauage
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going into the body
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overuse of laxatives
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change in bowel lining from rough rigged to smooth shining
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gastric CA
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cause chronic gastritis
tx gasterctomy stomach ca= poor prognosis |
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dumoing syndrome
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resection GI, missing all or some of the stomach
bolus of food drops straight down into small intestine |
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GI bleed
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caused by trauma
growth that weakins wall of GI tract S/SX black tary stool hemocult in bm shock tx med intervention |
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enyyme
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protein produced in a cell that activates or speeds up chemical reaction
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what are the four main layers of the GI tract?
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1. mucosa
2. submucosa 3. muscularis 4. serosa |
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what is mucosa?
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mucos membrane layer
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what is submucosa?
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layer of connective tissue below mucosa contains nerves and blood vessels
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what is muscularis?
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muscular portion porvides parastlysis
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what is serosa?
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membrane that covers the outside of the peritanium
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what are the functions of the GI system?
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1.food processing and storage
2. secretion 3. absorption 4. reabsorption and elimination |
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mouth and salivary glands
normal Ph |
Ph 6-7
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tongue taste buds
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salt, bitter, sour, sweet
sences temp voluntary movement of food |
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pharynx
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secrets salivary
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esophagus
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gullet 10 inch tube posterior to trach
has four layers that cause parastalsis |
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stomach
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cardiac sphincter
reflux barrier, vent for upper gastric pressure muscular, collapsable pouch |
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small intestine
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dudoenum 8-10 inches
jujunum 8 feet ileum 11 feet |
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large intestine
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aka bowel or colon
cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, decesnding, sigmoid, rectum and anus manufactures vitamins reabsorption of electroyltes |
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accessory organs
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1. liver
2. gallbladder 3. pancreas |
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pyloric sphincter
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connects stomah to sm intestine
rugae, chyme |
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pepsinogen
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secreated by pepscin cells
convertered to pepsinenzyme pepsin enzyme breaks down proteins moast active factor in digestion |
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gastric lipase
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enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach
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HCL
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hydorchloric acid
secreated by pariteal cells activates pesingin into pepscin kills invading most invading organisms |
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intrinsic factor
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obsorption of b12
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