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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why measure JVD on right side
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w/ age aorta stiffens, dilates & elongates which may compress left neck veins & obscure pulsation so on left side
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Ischemia
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deficient supply of oxygenated arterial blood to a tissue .... caused by obstruction of a blood vessel
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Capacitance vessels
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veins ... b/c of ability to stretch ... a compensatory mechanism to reduce stress on heart ... veins can expand & hold more blood when volume increases
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efficient venous return dependent on ...
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1. contracting skeletal muscles, 2. competent valves in veins, 3. a patent lumen
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Lymph system functions
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1. conserve fluid & plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries; 2. major part of immune system; 3. absorb lipids from intestinal tract
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PVS changes due to aging
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arteriosclerosis, increase risk of DVT, decreased lymph tissue/ fewer # of lymph nodes
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arteriosclerosis
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stiffening of vessels - produces systolic HTN
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atherosclerosis
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deposition & build up of plaque on artery walls
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sign of PE
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sharp pain over affected area
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why older adults at greater risk for DVT
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progressive enlargement of intramuscular calf veins ... & often on prolonged best rest, sit for long time or have heart failure
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PV Subjective Data
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Leg pain or cramping - skin changes @ extremities - edema - lymph node enlargement - medication
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what causes calf pain when walking
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chronic arterial insufficiency
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Intermitant claudication
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leg pain that's caused by walking & alleviated by rest
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claudication distance
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distance have to walk to produce pain
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Skin changes with PVD
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decreased hair growth, color - temp (feel cool) - veins bulging or crooked - leg sores or ulcers
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Concerns w/ edema
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unilateral - injury or possible DVT .... bilateral - systemic problem
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Describle pain associated w/ veinous problem
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achy late day
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characteristics of venious insufficiency
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skin feels warm, appears brownish (RBC's leak out), increased venous pressure --- look for JVD
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Cause of vericose veins
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incompetent valves in veins
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lymphedema
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edema due to blockage - most often unilateral - no pitting
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cellulitis
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skin infection caused by bacteria - PVD puts at greater risk - skin becomes red, hot, irritated & painful
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Objective data
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compare side to side - size - color/warmth/ varicosities/ ulcers - capillary refill (ckg for perfusion) - edema - pulses - lymph nodes
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Which pulses to check
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carotid (1 side at a time), brachial, radial, apical, femoral, popliteal, posterial tibial, dorsalis pedis
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grading pulses
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0 = bad!!; 1+ = weak; 2+ = normal; 3+ = bounding
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risks for vericose veins
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women; pregnant, obese, genetic, standing long periods of time
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modified Allen Test
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occlude both radial & ulnar arteries, release 1 check for perfusion .... occlude both again, release other check for perfusion
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paresthesia
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skin sensations such as burning, prickling, itching or tingling w/ no apparent physical cause
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poikilothermia
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unable to regulate body temp --- "cold blooded"
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