Peripheral Ns, Dermatoms, Cranial Nerves

Front 1

PNS consists of ?

Back 1

Motor, sensory and autonomic neurons that inner bate end organs that include sensory receptors, muscles, glands

Front 2

PNS consists of

Back 2

12 pair of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

And all associates ganglia and sensory receptors

Motor : efferent

Sensory ; afferent

Front 3

Sensory nerves originate in ?

Back 3

Dorsal root ganglia

Front 4

Motor nerves originate in ?

Back 4

Anterior horn of the SC

Front 5

Sympathetic nerves originate in ?

Back 5

Lateral horn of the thoracic spine cord

Front 6

Parasympathetic nerves originate in ?

Back 6

Lateral gray matter of the sacral level of SC and from brain

Front 7

Peripheral nerves are typically classified by ?

Back 7

Axon diameter or speed conduction

Front 8

Cutaneous Sensory end- organ Receptors:

Back 8

Thermoreceptors

Nociceptors

Mechanoreceptors

- merkel’s disc

- ruffin’s corpuscle

- pacinian corpuscle

- meissner’s corpuscle

- muscle spindle

- Golgi tendon organ

Chemoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Front 9

Thermoreceptors

Back 9

Sensory receptors

Codes changes about temp. ,

Front 10

Nociceptors

Back 10

A sensory receptors for painful stimuli

Front 11

Mechanoreceptors

Back 11

Sense organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch or sound

Front 12

Mechanoreceptors

Merkle’s disc:

Back 12

In stratum spinous; touch

Front 13

Ruffin isn’t corpuscle

Back 13

Papillary dermis : warmth

Front 14

Pacinian corpuscle

Back 14

Vibratory pressure and deep pressure

Front 15

Meissner’s corpuscle

Back 15

Papillary dermis: touch

Front 16

Muscle spindle

Back 16

Monitor change in muscle length ( I and II afferent changes) and velocity

Front 17

Golgi tendon ending

Back 17

Monitor tension

Front 18

Free nerve ending

Back 18

Epidermis: pain , itch - dermis: pain

Front 19

Chemoreceptors

Back 19

Specialized receptors cell which transduces - converts a chemical substances and generate biological signal

Front 20

Photoreceptors

Back 20

Are the cells in retina that respond to light

Contains photo pigment Rhodopsin

Front 21

Axon

Back 21

A nerve away from the cell body

Front 22

Dendrite

Back 22

Extension of the cell body that receives signals from other neurons

Front 23

Motor unit

Back 23

A single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervatsss

Front 24

Myelin

Back 24

Proteins and lipids that form to create a sheath around particular nerves , increased conductivity of the nerve impulse

Front 25

Neurons

Back 25

Nerve cells that receive and send signals to other nerve cells, comprise of a cell body , axon and dendrites

Front 26

Nodes of ranvier

Back 26

Brief gaps in myelination of an axon

Facilitate rapid conduction of a nerve impulse via hyping from gap node to gap node

Front 27

Saltatory conduction

Back 27

An action potential moving an axon in a jumping fashion from node to node , decreases to use of sodium potassium pumps and increases speed of conduction

Front 28

Schwann cell

Back 28

Cells that cover the nerve fibers in the peripheral NS and form the myelin sheath

Front 29

CN - upper motor neuron

Back 29

Oligodendrites

Glia cells

Front 30

A fibers

Back 30

Large fibers

Myelinated

High conduction rate

Alpha, beta, gamma, delta subsets

Front 31

B fibers

Back 31

Medium fibers

Myelinated

Reasonable fast conduction rate

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic system

Front 32

C fibers

Back 32

Small fibers

Poorly myelinated or unmyelinated

Slowed conduction rate

Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system

Exteroceptors: pain , temp, touch

Front 33

Dermatomes

C1

Back 33

Vertex of skull

Front 34

C2

Back 34

Temple, forehead, occipital

Front 35

C3

Back 35

Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, prolongation forward under mandible

Front 36

C4

Back 36

Shoulder at EA, clavicular area, upper scapulae area

Front 37

C5

Back 37

Deltoid area, anterior aspect of entire arm to base of thumb

Front 38

C6

Back 38

Anterior arm , radio side of hand to thumb and index finger

Front 39

C7

Back 39

Lateral arm and forearm to index , long and ring

Front 40

C8

Back 40

Medial arm, and forearm, to long , ring and little fingers

Front 41

T1

Back 41

Medial side of forearm to base of little finger

Front 42

T2

Back 42

Medial side of upper arm to medial elbow, pectoral and modscapular areas

Front 43

T3-T12

Back 43

T3-T6: upper thorax, T5-T7: costal margin , T8-T12: abdomen and lumbar region

Front 44

L1

Back 44

Back, over trochanter and groin

Front 45

L2

Back 45

Back, front of thigh to knee

Front 46

L3

Back 46

Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg

Front 47

L4

Back 47

Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot , big toe

Front 48

L5

Back 48

Buttock, posterior and lateral thigh , lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole, first, second and third toes

Front 49

S1

Back 49

Lateral and plantar aspect of foot

Front 50

S2

Back 50

Bottomless , thigh and posterior leg

Front 51

S3

Back 51

Groin , posterior dual thigh to knee

Front 52

S4

Back 52

Perineum, genitals, Lower sacrum

Front 53

Cranial nerves :

I: olfactory

Back 53

Afferent

Smell

Test: identify odors: chocolate, coffee

Front 54

II: optic

Back 54

Afferent

Eye

Test: test visual fields

Front 55

III: oculomotor

Back 55

Efferent

Voluntary motor: levator of eyelid: superior, medial and inferior recti, inferior oblique

Muscle of eyeball

Auto mic : smooth muscle oh eyeball

Test: upward, downward and medial gaze , reaction to light

Front 56

IV: trochlear

Back 56

Efferent: voluntary motor: superior oblique muscle of eyeball

Test: downward and inward gaze

Front 57

V: trigeminal

Back 57

Afferent: touch and pain

Skin of face , mocous membrane of nose , sinuses, mouth, anterior tongue

Efferent: muscles of mastication

Test: corneal reflexe, face sensation, clench teeth: push down on chin to separate jaw

Front 58

VI : Abducens

Back 58

Efferent; lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

Test: lateral gaze

Front 59

VII: facial

Back 59

Efferent: facial muscles

Autonomic: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands

Afferent: anterior tongue

Test: close eyes right smile and show teeth

Whistle and puff cheeks

Identify familiar taste ( swert , sour)

Front 60

VIII: vestibulocochlear( acoustic nerve)

Back 60

Afferent: hearing; ear

Balance: ear

Test: hear watch ticking

Hearing tests

Balance and coordination tests

Front 61

IX: glossopharyngeal

Back 61

Afferent: touch, pain: posterior tongue, pharynx

Taste: posterior tongue

Efferent: select muscles of pharynx

Autonomic: parotid gland

Test: gag reflex, ability to swallow

Front 62

X: vagus

Back 62

Afferent: touch and pain: pharynx, larynx, bronchi

Taste: tongue, epiglottis

Efferent: muscle of plate, pharynx, larynx

Autonomic: thoracic and abdominal viscera

Taste: gag reflex, ability to swallow say”ahhh”

Front 63

XI: accessory

Back 63

Efferent: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Test: resisted shoulder shrug

Front 64

XII: hypoglossal

Back 64

Efferent: muscle of tongue

Test: tongue protrusion