Peripheral Neural Transmission

Front 1

botulinum toxin

Back 1

binds to various proteins involved in vesicle cycling to prevent vesicular release

Front 2

tetanus toxin

Back 2

binds to synaptobrevin in inhibitory interneurones to prevent their transmission to motor neurones, which are then more excitable. Gives characteristic pattern of contractility.

Front 3

hemicholinium

Back 3

prevents uptake of choline into nerves

Front 4

vesamicol

Back 4

prevents uptake of choline into vesicles.

Front 5

alpha latrotoxin

Back 5

gives massive ACh release, possibly by binding to neurexins.

Front 6

mecamylamine

Back 6

competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist at ganglion

Front 7

hexamethonium

Back 7

ganglion blocker. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Front 8

d-tubocurarine

Back 8

nicotinic antagonist.

Front 9

atracurium

Back 9

nicotinic antagonist. Selective for NMJ.
NOT ORALLY ACTIVE.

Front 10

pancuronium

Back 10

nicotinic antagonist.
selective for NMJ.

Front 11

suxamethonium

Back 11

depolarising blockade at NMJ.
Used in intubation.

Front 12

carbachol

Back 12

cholinergic agonist.

Front 13

methacholine

Back 13

isomer of ACh. Broken down by AChE.

Front 14

bethanechol

Back 14

muscarinic agonist. Bladder dysfunction.

Front 15

pilocarpine

Back 15

muscarinic agonist. Used to lower intraocular pressure.

Front 16

pirenzipine

Back 16

muscarinic 1 antagonist.
gastroduodenal ulcers.

Front 17

edrophonium

Back 17

short acting anticholinesterase. Binds to ionic site.
diagnoses myasthenia gravis.

Front 18

neostigmine

Back 18

medium acting anticholinesterase. Binds to esteric site. Treats myasthenia gravis.
reverses muscular blockade post surgery.

Front 19

malathion

Back 19

irreversible anticholinesterase.
Treats head lice.
organophosphate.

Front 20

dylfos

Back 20

irreversible anticholinesterase.

Front 21

pralidoxime

Back 21

undoes the irreversible block by the organophosphates. Only has a short window during which it is effective, as the enzyme-inhibitor complex undergoes ageing.

Front 22

alpha methyl tyrosine

Back 22

inhibitor for TOH - the rate limiting step for adrenaline synthesis.

Front 23

carbidopa

Back 23

inhibitor for DDC which makes dopa into dopamine. acts in the periphery to prevent massive dopamine transmission from parkinsons treatment.

Front 24

disulfiram

Back 24

inhibits dopmaine-beta-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine into NA.
chelates Cu?

Front 25

methyldopa

Back 25

false transmitter.
gets converted to methyldopamine and then methylnoradrenaline.

Front 26

resperpine

Back 26

gives profound depression. Prevents the uptake of catecholamines into the vesicles, and also gives vesicle depletion.

Front 27

tyramine

Back 27

indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine. Takes up and displaces NA some of which activates receptors.
widespread vasoconstriction and rise in BP.

Front 28

d-amfetamine

Back 28

indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine.
Weakly inhibits MAO - which would break down displaced NA.

Front 29

guanethidine

Back 29

blocks NA release.
In low doses, acts as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine.
In higher doses, prevents vesicular release in response to APs. Unknown mechanism.

Front 30

cocaine

Back 30

blocks uptake 1 (Na dependent).

Front 31

imipramine

Back 31

blocks uptake 1.
Tricyclic antidepressant.

Front 32

amyitryptyline

Back 32

blocks uptake 1.
tricyclic antidepressant.

Front 33

phenoxybenzine

Back 33

blocks uptake 2.
irreversible alpha blocker.

Front 34

selegiline

Back 34

blocks MAOB, which would ordinarily break down DOPA in the brain.
Treats parkinson's.

Front 35

tranycypromine

Back 35

non selective MAO inhibitor.
Treats refractory depression.

Front 36

entacapone

Back 36

blocks COMT.
Parkinson's.

Front 37

phenylephrine

Back 37

alpha1 agonist.

Front 38

clonidine

Back 38

alpha 2 agonist.

Front 39

xylazine

Back 39

alpha 2 agonist.
vet med sedative.

Front 40

salbutamol

Back 40

beta 2 agonist.

Front 41

dobutamine

Back 41

beta 1 agonist.
acute cardiogenic shock.

Front 42

phentolamine

Back 42

alpha ANTAGONIST.

Front 43

phenoxybenzamine

Back 43

alpha ANTAGONIST.

Front 44

prazosin

Back 44

alpha 1 antagonist.

Front 45

yohimbine

Back 45

alpha antagonist.

Front 46

atenolol

Back 46

beta 1 blocker.
prevents NA release during tumour removal surgery.

Front 47

butoxamine

Back 47

beta 2 blocker.

Front 48

labetolol

Back 48

alpha1, beta1 and beta2 antagonist.

Front 49

adrenaline

Back 49

treats acute cardiac shock and anaphalactic shock.

Front 50

ergotamine

Back 50

partial alpha agonist,
for migraines,
gives St Anthony's fire - intense vasoconstriction.

Front 51

caffeine

Back 51

non selective PDE inhibitor.
Adenosine 1 antagonist.
gives ionotropic and chronotropic effects.

Front 52

dipyramidole

Back 52

blocks uptake of adenosine (and so potentiates adenosine)

Front 53

isosorbide dinitrate

Back 53

nitrovasodilator.
Donates NO.
Angina.

Front 54

sildenafil

Back 54

PDE5 inhibitor to raise GMP levels. Treats impotence.

Front 55

L-NMMA

Back 55

NOS inhibitor.
L-arginine analogue

Front 56

7-NI

Back 56

neuronal NOS inhibitor.

Front 57

7-NIO

Back 57

iNOS inhibitor in activated macrophages.

Front 58

nitroglycerine/
glyceryl trinitrate

Back 58

nitrovasodilator.