Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
central nervous system
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
Peripheral nervous system
|
1. Somatic motor
2.Autonomic -Parasympathetic -sympathetic |
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
Rest and Digest
-heart rate -gastric secretions -bladder and bowel -vision -bronchial smooth muscle |
|
sympathetic nervous system
|
-regulation of cardiovascular system
-regulation of body temp -fight or flight response |
|
transmitters
|
-transmit impulses
-stimulate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine -activate receptors |
|
receptors
|
when activated cause a specific effect on an organ
-Vasodialation -Relaxation |
|
transmitters of the pns
|
-Aceytlcholine
-Norepinephrine -epinephrine -dopamine |
|
receptors of the pns
|
-cholinergic
-adrenergic |
|
cholergenic
|
-mediated by aceylcholine (ACh)
|
|
adrenergic
|
-mediated by norepinephrine and epinephrine
|
|
cholinergic receptors
|
-Nicotinic n
-Nicotinic m -Muscarinic |
|
Adrenergic receptors
|
-Alpha 1 and Alpha 2
-Beta 1 and Beta 2 -Dopamine |
|
Nicotinic n (neuronal)
|
Class: Cholinergic Receptor
Function: -promotes ganglia transmission -promotes release of epinephrine |
|
Nicotonic m (muscle)
|
Class: Cholinergic Receptor
Function: Contraction of skeletal muscles |
|
Muscarinic
|
Class: cholinergic receptor
Function: Activates parasympathetic nervous system |
|
alpha 1
|
Class: Adrenergic Receptor
Function: -Vasoconstriction -Ejaculation -Contraction of bladder neck and prostate |
|
alpha 2
|
Class: Adrenergic Receptor
Function: -Located int eh presynaptic junction -minimal clincal significance |
|
beta 2
|
Class: Adrenergic receptor
Function: -Bronchial dilation -relaxation of uterine muscles -vasodilation -glycogenolysis |
|
dopamine
|
class: Adrenergic receptor
Function: -Dilates renal blood vessels |
|
alpha agonists
|
stimulate alpha receptors
|
|
alpha blockers
|
block alpha receptors
|
|
beta agonist
|
stimulate beta receptors
|
|
beta blockers
|
block beta receptors
|
|
Drugs that MIMIC pns
|
-parasympathomimetics
-cholinergic drugs -cholinergic agonists -muscarinic drugs |
|
Drugs thatBLOCK pns
|
-parasympatholytic drugs
-anticholinergics -cholinergic antagonists -antimuscarinics |
|
Drugs that MIMIC sympathetic nervous system
|
-sympathoimetic
-adrenergics -adrenergic agonists |
|
effects of SNS
|
-BP increase
-Pulse increse -pupils dialate -secretions decrease |
|
effects of PNS
|
-BP decrease
-pulse decrease -pupils constrict -secretions increase |
|
muscarinic poisoning
|
-Source: ingestion of mushrooms
-Overdose |
|
treatment for muscarinic poisoning
|
muscarinic blocking agents-atropine
|
|
pilocarpine
|
-Class: muscarinic agonists
-Prototype Drug? yes Effects: -constricts pupils and cillary muscle improving aqueous humor drainage (decrease ocular pressure) Nursing Considerations: -teach proper eye drop admin -begin med in PM -report any eye pain -avoid OTC drugs -report respitory problems Other uses: for xerostomatitis Contradictions: -Asthma -peptic ulcer disease(PUD) Side Effects: -CV symptoms: dizzy,flushing,diaphoresis,reflex tachycardia,risk of A fib -Bronchospasm -increased lacrimation -decrease vision |
|
bethanacol
|
Class: muscarinic agonist
Prototype drug? yes Uses: -acute urinary retention -GERD -Ileus -postoperative abdominal distention Administration: PO or SC CAUTION: do not give IM or IV or with mechanical GI obstruction or after GI surgery Nursing Considerations: -atropine on standby -assess bowel sounds and skin flushing -may catheretize in 30min if no response |
|
muscarinic antagonists
|
drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors
|
|
atropine
|
Actions:
-increases heart rate -decreases secretions -relaxes bronchial muscle -decreases bladder tone -decreases GI tone and motility -dilates the pupil -CNS excitation Uses: -Pre-anesthestic -Disorders of the eye -bradycardia -intestinal hypertoxicity and hypermotility -muscarinic agonist poisoning -asthma -biliary colic -peptic ulcer disease (PUD) Adverse effects: -dry mouth (xerostomia) -blurred vision -photophobia -increaes intraocular pressure -urinary retention -constipation -tachycardia -anhydrosis (lack of sweating) -asthma |
|
antimuscarinic/Anticholinergics
|
Uses:
-symptomatic bradycardia -eye exams -bladder spasms -urinary frequency or incontinence -rhinorrhea -mushroom poisoning |
|
antimuscarinic/anticholinergic drugs
|
Uses:
-Symptomatic bradycardia -eye exams -bladder spasms -urinary frequency or incontinence -rhinorrhea -mushroom poisoning *w/ anesthesia -decrease bronchia secretions -prevent bradycardia -prevent side effects of AChEt Side Effects: -dilation of pupils (photophobia) -absolute contraindication: Glaucoma(increased intraocular pressure) -slows GI tract motility:constipation -urinary retention -respiratory distress:thickened secretions -speeds heart rate -xerostomia |
|
examples of antimuscarinic drugs
|
-Scpolamine
-Ipatoprium bromide -dicyclomine --trihexyphenidyle (Artane) -Benztropine (cogentin) *last two in Parkinson's disease |
|
antimuscarinic poisoning
cause? |
caused because epinepherine predominates
|
|
sources of antimuscarinic poisoning
|
-Atropa belladonna
-datura stramonium -antihistamines -phenothiazines -tricyclic antidepressants -atropine -scopolamine |
|
symptoms of antimuscarinic poisoning
|
direct result of excessive muscarinic blackade
-dry mouth -blurred vision -phtophobia -hypethermia -CNS effects(delerium) -flushing -respiratory depression causing death |
|
treatment of antimuscarinic poisoning
|
1. Minimize intestinal absorbtion
-syrup of ipecac -activated charcoal 2.Administer the antidote -Phystigmine (neostigmine) (AChel) -This will compete with the antimuscarnic agent for receptor binding, there byreversing excessive muscarinic blockade |
|
cholinesterase inhibitors
|
-drugs that prevent the degradation of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase
|
|
effects of cholinesterase inhibitors
|
-effects muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
-same as parasympathomimetic drugs ---excessive slaivation,sweating,urinary urgency,diarrhea |