Peripheral Nervous System

Front 1

exertoceptors

Back 1

sensory end organ that responds to stimuli from the external world

Front 2

interoceptors

Back 2

nerve ending situated in a visceral organ: responds to changes and stimuli within the the body's internal environment

Front 3

proprioceptors

Back 3

senses movement in the musculoskeletal system; more specifically they sense stretching in muscles, tendons and joint capsules

Front 4

classification of sensory receptors based on location

Back 4

1) exertoceptors
2) interoceptors
3) proprioceptors

Front 5

classification of sensory receptors by stimuli detected

Back 5

1) mechanoreceptors
2) thermoreceptors
3) photoreceptors
4) nociceptors

Front 6

mechanoreceptors

Back 6

receptor sensitive to mechanical forces such as touch, stretch, pressure or vibration

Front 7

thermoreceptors

Back 7

receptor sensitive to temperature change

Front 8

photoreceptors

Back 8

specialized receptor cells that respond to light energy

Front 9

nociceptors

Back 9

respond to harmful stimuli that result in pain

Front 10

sensory and motor outputs in the PNS are classified as ...

Back 10

somatic (outer tube) or visceral (visceral organs or inner tube)

Front 11

sensory inputs of the PNS are classified by

Back 11

general (widespread)
specialized (localized, ie special senses)

Front 12

structures of the PNS

Back 12

1) sensory receptors
2) nerves and ganglia
3) motor endings

Front 13

sensory receptors

Back 13

pick up stimuli from inside and outside the body and initiate impulses in sensory axons, carry it to the CNS

Front 14

nerves and ganglia

Back 14

nerves: bundles of peripheral axons
ganglia: clusters of peripheral cell bodies
most are mixed nerves

Front 15

motor endings

Back 15

axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate the effector organs, muscles and glands

Front 16

peripheral sensory receptors

Back 16

structures that pick up sensory stimuli and then initiate signals in the sensory axons

Front 17

classification of sensory receptors based on structure

Back 17

general sensory receptors
free nerve endings
encapsulated nerve endings

Front 18

free nerve endings of sensory fibers

Back 18

prominent in the epithelia, monitor pain and temperature
light touch (merckel discs)

Front 19

merckel disc

Back 19

tactile epithelial cell
slow adapting receptor for light touch

Front 20

encapsulated nerve endings

Back 20

consist of one or more end fibers of sensory neurons enclosed in a capsule of connective tissue

Front 21

main types of encapsulated nerve endings are

Back 21

1) tactile (Meissner's Corpuscle)
2) lamellar ( pacinian corpuslce)
3) ruffini's corpuslces

Front 22

Meissner's Corpuscles (tactile)

Back 22

a few spiral nerve endings are surrounded by schwann cells

light tough, found in dermal papillae , palms, fingertips lips

Front 23

Pacinian Corpuslce (lamellar)

Back 23

scattered throughout the deep connective tissue of the body

monitor vibration, adaptive, sense mechanical pressure

Front 24

Ruffini's Corpuscle

Back 24

located in the dermis
nerve endings enclosed in a thin flattened capsule

respond to pressure and touch, not very adaptive
monitor continuous pressure placed on the skin

Front 25

proprioception

Back 25

virtually all proprioceptors are encapsulated nerve endings and include: tendon organs and joint kinesthetic

Front 26

Tendon Organ
(golgi tendon organ)

Back 26

located near the muscle-tendon junction, monitor tension within the tendons
"knee jerk reflex"

Front 27

joint kinesthetic

Back 27

monitor stretch in synovial joints

Front 28

within each joint capsule, 4 types of joint kinesthetic are present

Back 28

1) Pancinian Corpuslces
2) Ruffini Endings
3) Free Nerve endings
4) tendon organs

Front 29

motor end plate

Back 29

similar to a synapse
point where the nerve ending and the fiber meet

Front 30

Cranial Nerves

Back 30

12 pairs
2 attach to the forebrain
10 attach to the brainstem

Front 31

Cranial Nerve I

Back 31

Olfactory
sensory nerves of smell
(cribiform plate of the ethmoid)

Front 32

Cranial Nerve II

Back 32

Optic
sensory nerve of vision
(optic foramen)

Front 33

Cranial Nerve III

Back 33

Oculomotor
motor nerve runs the eye muscles
(superior orbital fissure)

Front 34

Cranial Nerve IV

Back 34

Trochlear
motore nerve that runs superior oblique eye muscle
(superior orbital fissure)

Front 35

Cranial Nerve V

Back 35

Trigeminal
means 3 fold, refers to the 3 branches
ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular

sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the chewing muscles
(superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale)

location: nuclei of pons

Front 36

Cranial Nerve VI

Back 36

Abducens
motor nerve runs lateral rectus eye muscle
location: Pons
(superior orbital fissure)

Front 37

Cranial Nerve VII

Back 37

Facial
mixed sensory, innervates the muscles of facial expression as well as other structures, PONS
(internal accoustic canal to stylomastoid foramen)

Front 38

Cranial Nerve VIII

Back 38

Vestibulcochlear
sensory nerve of hearing and equilibrium (PONS and medulla oblongata)
( internal acoustic foramen)

Front 39

Cranial Nerve IX

Back 39

Glossopharyngeal
means tongue and pharanyx
mixed sensory and swallowing
(jugular foramen)

Front 40

Cranial Nerve X

Back 40

Vagus
mixed, very important to the ANS, wanders beyond the head into thorax and abdomen
(jugular foramen)

Location: Medulla

Front 41

Cranial Nerve XI

Back 41

Accessory
motor, swallowing, innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoiod
(jugular foramen)
location: Medulla

Front 42

Cranial Nerve XII

Back 42

Hypogloassal
motor, innervates the tongue
(hypoglossal canal

Front 43

mesencephalon

Back 43

midbrain

Front 44

spinal nerves

Back 44

31 pairs, attach to the spinal cord, named for their point of issue from the vertebral column

Front 45

roots

Back 45

lie medial to the spinal nerves and are strictly sensory (dorsal root) OR strictly motor (ventral root)

Front 46

rami

Back 46

lateral branches of the spinal nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers

Front 47

phrenic nerve

Back 47

innervates the diaphragm
part of the cervical plexus

Front 48

musculocutaneous nerve

Back 48

innervates the biceps brachi and brachialis muscles

part of the brachial plexus

Front 49

median nerve

Back 49

innervates lateral flexors, (anterior forearm and lateral palm)

part of brachial plexus

Front 50

ulnar nerve

Back 50

innervates medial flexors

part of brachial plexus

Front 51

radial nerve

Back 51

innervates forearm extensors
largest branch of the brachial plexus

Front 52

femoral nerve

Back 52

largest terminal branch
innervates muscles of the anterior thigh compartment

Front 53

lumbosacral trunk

Back 53

nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus.

Front 54

obturator nerve

Back 54

innervates the adductor muscle groups and skin of the supermedial thigh

Front 55

sciatic nerve

Back 55

thickest and longest nerve in the body
composed of 2 nerves: tibial and common fibular
innervates the hamstrings

Front 56

shingles

Back 56

viral infection of the sensory nerves innervating the skin
initial infection: chicken pox
in dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerves