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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nerve
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collection of axons outside the CNS
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The body is connected to the CNS by what two types of nerves?
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Cranial and spinal
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Most nerves are ____?
Meaning? |
mixed
they contain both motor and sensory fibers |
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Are nerves myelinated or unmyelinated?
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both
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How many canial nerves?
How many spinal? (be specific for each type) |
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
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What will spinal ganglion contain?
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Afferent cell bodies
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Myelin
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the phospholipid-protein of the cell membranes of Schwann cells
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What does myelin do? (2 things)
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acts as an electrical insulator and increases the velocity of impulse conduction
Facilitates the regeneration of fibers |
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What happens during wrapping of the cell by myelin?
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the cell squezzes its cytoplasm out of the wrap leaving only concentric layers of empty cell membrane
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___ Schwann cell myelinates ____ internode of ___ neronal process
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one, one, one
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Schwann cells also support ________
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unmyelinated fivers
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Schwann cells in PNS?
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Unmyelinated fibers in PNS are enveloped in Schwann cell cytoplasm
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Axons fit into _____ on the surface of Schwann cells in _____ or as _____
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grooves, groups, single axon
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Endoneurium
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the connective tissue that surrounds each individual nerve fiber (axon)
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Perineurium
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the connective tissue that wraps groups of nerve fibers into bundles and fascicles
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Epineurium
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the thick layer of ct that wraps the entire nerve
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Perineurium is analagous to what?
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arachnoid matar
no CSF tightly bound cells blood-nerve barrier |
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Epineurium is continuous with what?
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Dura mater
Strong connective tissue sheath |
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Functional components of somatic afferent?
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Pain, touch, temp, and position sense (proprioception)
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Somatic efferent
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Motor signals that control striated muscles (anterior horn of spinal cord)
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Visceral Afferent
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"Visceral sensibility"
Peristaltic activity, blood pressure, bladder fullness, etc |
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Visceral Efferent
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Autonomic nervous system
Two neurons linked together |
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Presynaptic (definition and which functional component?)
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Visceral efferent
nerve cell body in CNS; axon extends to autonomic ganglion |
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Postsynaptiv (definition and which functional component?)
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Visceral Efferent
nerve cell body in CNS; axon extends to visceral targe |
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Ganglia
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collections of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
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Where would you find sensory ganglia?
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dorsal root
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What kinds of cell bodies do sensory ganglia contain?
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cell bodies of sensory neurons (psuedounipolar)
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How many synapses do sensory ganglia contain?
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none
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satellite cells (3 things)
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surround neuronal cell bodies in ganglia
maintain the neuronal microenvironment provide electrical insulation and a pathway for metabolic exchange |
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What do autonomic ganglia contain? (2 things)
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synapses between pre and postsynaptic neurons
satellite cells |
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Sympathetic ganglia are what type of ganglia?
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autonomic
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what do sympathtic ganglia contain?
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postsynaptic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies
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Parasympathetic ganglia are what type of ganglia?
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autonomic
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What do parasympathetic ganglia contain?
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postynaptic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies
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Where are parasympathetic ganglia most often found?
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in the walls of organs in the abdomen (submucosal ganglia and myenteric ganglia)
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Submucosal ganglia?
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Meissner's plexus
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Myenteric ganglia?
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Auerbach's plexus
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What do afferent nerve endings do?
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transduce stimulus energy into nerve impulses
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What do efferent nerve endings do?
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form junctions between the efferent neuron and the effector
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Another name for cutaneous sensory receptors?
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somatosensory receptors
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What do cutaneous sensory receptors do?
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detect general sense related to skin
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3 types of cutaneous receptors?
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nociceptors, thermoceptors, mechanoreceptors
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nociceptor?
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respond best to tissue damage (pain)
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thermoreceptor
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responds best to temp changes
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mechanoreceptors
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respond best to local movement
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chemoreceptors
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respond to changes in chemical environment (taste buds)
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photoreceptors
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respond to light
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proprioceptors
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provide sense of a body position, rely on receptors in muscles and joings
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two examples of proprioceptors?
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muscle spindle
golgi tendon organ |
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muscle spindle
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major stretch receptor
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golgi tendon organ
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monitor stresses and forces at tendons and joints
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