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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in which direction do arteries carry blood?
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Arteries carry blood Away from the heart
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what are the smallest blood vessels?
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capillaries are the smallest blood vessels
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where is the site of exchange of molecules btwn blood & tissue fluid?
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capillaries are the site of exchange for molecules btwn blood & tissue fluid
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in which direction do veins carry blood?
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veins carry blood toward the heart
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what is the purpose of elastic arteries?
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elastic arteries conduct blood
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what is the purpose of muscular arteries?
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muscular arteries distribute blood
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what is the central blood filled space of a vessel?
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the LUMEN is the central blood filled space of a vessel
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what are the 3 layers of arteries?
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layers/tunics of arteries
-tunica intima -tunica media -tunica externa |
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what type of epithelium is the tunica intima layer of an artery?
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tunica intima has simple squamous epithelium
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which layer of the artery has the smooth & elastic fibers?
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the tunica media has the smooth & elastic fibers. it allows vasoconstriction (contraction) & vasodilation (relaxation)
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which layer of the artery is composed of collagen fibers?
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the tunica externa is composed of collagen fibers
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which are the largest type of arteries?
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elastic arteries or conducting arteries are the largest
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what type of blood vessel is the aorta?
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aorta = elastic/conducting artery
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how do the elastic arteries dampen the surge of blood pressure?
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the elastin content in the elastic arteries dampens the surge of blood pressure/
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what is the vasa vasorum?
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VASA VASORUM
network of small blood vessels which supply large vessels |
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where do muscular arteries lie relative to elastic arteries/
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muscular arteries lie distal to elastic arteries
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most arteries are which type of arteries?
a. elastic b. muscular |
most arteries are muscular arteries
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what is a unique feature of the muscular arteries?
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muscular arteries have an internal & external elastic laminae
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what are the smallest arteries?
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ARTERIOLES are the smallest arteries (.3 mm to 10 microm)
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what are the smallest blood vessels?
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capillaries are the smallest blood vessels (8-10 microm)
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what are the site specific functions of capillaries?
lungs? small intestines? endocrine glands? kidneys? |
capillary functions
lungs: oxgen enters blood, CO2 leaves blood small intestine: receive digested nutrients endocrine glands: pick up hormones kidneys: remove nitrogenous wastes |
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which tissues are poorly vascularized in the body?
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tendons & ligaments are poorly vascularized
epithelia and cartilage are avascular and they receive nutrients from nearby connective tissue |
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what are the precapillary sphincters? purpose?
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PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS
regulate the flow of blood to tissues when contricted, blood runs through metarteriole thoroughface channel & bypasses true capillaries |
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which type of capillary has the lowest permeability?
a. continuous capillaries b. fenestrated capillaries c. sinusoidal capillaries |
CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES have the lowest permeability
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what are fenestrations?
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fenestrations are pores on the fenestrated capillaries
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what makes the sinusoidal capillaries the most permeable?
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the wide open intercellular clefts of the sinusoidal capillaries makes them the most permeable
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what is the most common type of capillary? where is it located/
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CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES are the most common. found mostly in the skin and muscle
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the blood brain barrier is what type of blood vessel?
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the blood brain barrier is the lowest permeability continuous capillary
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where do you find fenestrated capillaries?
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fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidneys & small intestine
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where do you find sinusoidal capillaries?
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sinusoidal capillaries are found in bone marrow, liver, & spleen
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what are intracellular cleft?
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INTRACELLULAR CLEFTS
gaps of unjoined membrane through which small molecules can enter or exit |
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is the blood pressure higher in veins or arteries?
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blood pressure is higher in arteries
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what are the smallest veins?
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venules are the smallest veins. and postcapillary venules are the smallest venules
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what is the thickest layer in veins?
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turnica externa is thickest layer/tunic in veins
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what is the thickest layer in arteries?
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the tunica media is thick in arteries
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what are the 2 mechanisms to counteract low venous pressure?
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2 mechanisms to counteract low venous pressure:
-valves -skeletal muscle pump |
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T/F veins anastomose more frequently than arteries
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TRUE veins anastomose (branch out and reconnect) more than arteries
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blood from the pulmonary trunk goes to the...?
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blood from pulmonary trunk goes from the heart to the lungs
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the superior & inferior pulmonary veins carry blood to the ..? oxygenated or not?
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superior & inferior pulmonary veins carry OXYGENATED blood to the L atrium
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what is the largest artery in the body?
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AORTA
largest artery in the body |
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where does the thoracic aorta go? abdominal aorta?
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thoracic aorta in region of T5-T12
abdominal aorta ends at L4 |
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what does the descending aorta divide into?
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the descending aorta divides into the R and L common iliac arteries
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where are the common carotid arteries found?
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common carotid arteries (internal & external) are located in the anterior triangle of the neck
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what does the circle of willis refer to?
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CIRCLE OF WILLIS = cerebral arterial circle; major arteries serving the brain
it unites the brains anterior blood supply (internal carotid) and posterior (vertebral arteries) |
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the subclavian artery is found where? and become what and then what?
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subclavian artery is found in the art and becomes the axillary artery and then becomes the brachial arter
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the radial and ulnar artery divide from which artery?
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the brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arty
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where are the superificial & deep palmar arches and digital arteries found?
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in the hand there are the
superficial & deep palmar arches and digital arteries |
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the three main branches of the celiac trunk are? where does it supply blood to?
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celiac trunk consists of left gastric, splenic & common hepatic arteries. supplies blood to stomach, liver, gallbaldder, pancreas, spleen and duodenum
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the superior mesenteric artery extends to which parts in the abdominal cavity?
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superior mesenteric artery extends to small intestine (jejunum, ileum) & proximal half of colon (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, part of transverse colon)
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where does the inferior mesenteric artery extend?
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inferior mesenteric artery extends to the distal half of the colon (2nd half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum)
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the coronary sinus supplies blood to where?
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coronary sinus (large vein) supplies blood to the right atrium of the heart
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the superior vena cava supplies blood from the regions superior to what?
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superior vena cava supplies blood from regions superior to the diaphragm
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where are the dural sinuses found?
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dural sinuses are found in the brain
-superior & inferior sagittal sinuses -straight sinus -transverse sinuses -sigmoid sinus |
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veins of the head and neck drain into which vein?
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venous drainage of the head and neck go into the BRACHEOCEPHALIC VEIN (internal jugular, external jugular, vertebral)
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from which vein is blood commonly drawn?
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blood is commonly drawn from the median cubital in the arm
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T/F superficial veins cannot be see beneath skin
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FALSE superficial veins are superficial. they are easily visible beneath skin
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the cephalic, basilic, median cubital & median antebrachial are superficial veins all found where?
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superficial veins of the arms
-cephalic -median cubital -basilic -median antebrachial |
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these veins
-azygos -hemiazygos -accessory hemiazygos -intercostal veins are found where? |
veins of the THORAX
-azygos -hemiazygos -accessory hemiazygos -intercostal |
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these veins are found where?
-inferior phrenic -hepatic -suprarenal -renal -lumbar -gonadal |
veins of the ABS
-inferior phrenic -hepatic -suprarenal -renal -lumbar -gonadal |
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what is the hepatic portal system?
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HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM
specialized part of the vascular circuit picks up digested nutrients from the stomach & intestine and delivers to liver for processing & storage |
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is blood in the hepatic portal vein poor or rich in oxygen?
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blood in hepatic portal vein is POOR in oxygen, rich in nutrients though
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path of superficial veins in the lower limbs starting at small saphenous vein?
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small saphenous vein
popliteal vein femoral vein iliac vein |
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what is an aneurysm?
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ANEURYSM
dilation of blood vessel wall which may burst; disorder of blood vessels |
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what is a deep vein thrombosis?
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DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
clot |
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where are these DEEP veins found?
-iliac -popliteal -anterior tibial -dorsalis pedis -fibular -plantar -plantar arch -digital |
these veins are found in the lower limbs
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what is arteriorvenous malformation?
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ARTERIORVENOUS MALFORMATION
disorder of blood vessels |
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what is microangioplasty of small blood vessels?
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MICROANGIOPLASTY OF SMALL BLOOD VESSELS
blood vessel disorder; e.g. with diabetes |
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what is VENOUS DISEASE?
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VENOUS DISEASE
or varicose veins |
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what is atherosclerosis?
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
fat deposits inside arteries. |
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T/F Males have more artherosclerosis than females
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TRUE male have more artherosclerosis than females
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