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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the preferred anticoagulant for blood used in cytologic preparations?
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EDTA (liquid form preferred to powder), but both preserved cell morphology when refridgerated for up to 4 hours. Heparin is poor for preservation.
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How do young animals compare to older ones for RBC morphology?
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They have lower PCV (rapidly expanding vascular space). Also replacing fetal with adult RBC, so anisocytosis, polychromasia and some nRBC are normal.
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What breed of dog has hematologic reference ranges slightly outside of normal.
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Greyhound.
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What power of magnification can almost all RBC morphologic abberations be made?
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40-50X. 100X often ledst to overdiagnosis of abberations.
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How large are normal:
1. canine RBC 2. feline RBC |
1. canine 7um (consistant central pallor)
2. feline 5.5-6 um (do not have consistently discernable central pallor) |
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What color represents canine/feline neutrophil cytoplasm?
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Can be clear, pale eosinophilic to faintly basophilic.
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Describe canine and feline monocytes:
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Larger than neutophils, similar in size to eosinophils and basophils. Nuclei vary greatly in morphology from U-shapes to irregular multilobulated forms. Also has a ropey chromatin pattern to nucleus and grainy basophilic cytplasm.
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How might their #s be underestimated in differentials?
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They are large, so might concentrate in the feathered edge.
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Describe Lymphocyte morphology.
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1. Variable siz (small size predominates)
2. Scant moderately blue cytoplasm 3. Larger lymphocytes have less densely staining, but still clearly clumped nuclear chromatin. Cytoplasm is more abundant and could be lighter in color. Somoe lymphocytes have a few, variably sized, eosinophlic cytoplasmic granules. (usually concentrated in a single perinuclear area) |
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Describe Eosinophil morphology.
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Sl. larger than neuts.
Nuclei less lobulated (often have 2 distinct lobules) Less condensed chromatin. Cytoplasm is clear to faintly bsophilic, with prominent pink granules. |
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How do canine eosinophilic granules vary from feline ones?
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Cats: uniform, small, rod-shaped.
Dogs: Occasionally contain a single, large granule that may be mistaken for an inclusion bod. Granules otherwise var widely in number. |
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What is peculiar about Greyhound Eosinophils?
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They degranulate during staining, and appear vauolated on smears.
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Describe Basophil morphlogy.
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Largest of mature granulocytic cell types. Rare in peripheral blood of healthy dogs and cats. Nuclei are les densely staining and have fewer lobulations, and have a longer, more ribbon like appearance. Cytoplasm is moderately blue-grey to purple, and usually contains granules.
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How do dog and cat Basophil granules differ?
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Dogs: usually low in number, and stain dark blue. Occasionally they lack obvious granules and must be identified by other attributes.
Cats: abundant, oval, pale lavender to gray cytoplsamic granules. |
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How long does it take for maximum bone marrow response to anemia?
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7 days.
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How do you characterize a stress leukogram?
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A stress leukogram is mediated by glucocorticoid release. It is characterized by lymphopenia and mature neutrophilia. Monocytosis in dogs and horses. Net effect on total WBC count is species specific.
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What mechanism is responsible for a stress leukgram?
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Neutrophils shift from the marginal pool and the bone marrow increases release of them. Lymphopenia is due to redistribution or lysis of lymphocytes. Monocytosis often occurs in dogs and horses.
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What CBC changes characterize Physiologic Leukocytosis?
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This is a result of exercise/excitement. (Mediated by an increase in epinephrine). May double total WBC count in minutes. In addition, splenic contraction releases WBC and RBC into circulation. Neutrophilia w/o a L shift. Lymphocytosis may also be present. (especially in young horses or cats)
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Which cells does EPO work on?
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Blast forming unit erythroid (BFU-E),
Colony forming unit erythroid (CFU-E), prorubricyte. |
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How come chronically anemic animals look better clinically than acutely anemic animals with the same PCV? (same species etc.)
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Dogs: upregulation of 2,-diphosphoglycerae
Cats: some alternate mechanism But: both hav the same effect, they cause oxygen to be more readily released from hemoglobin. |
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If a dog or cat comes in with a PCV of 12, was the anemia chronic or acute? why?
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Chronic: an acute loss to PCV of 10 without adequate time for compenatory mechanisms would kill the animal.
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Ecchynocytes can be from:
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Lymphosarcoma, Glomerular nephritis, Doxyrubricin toxicity and electrolyte deficiency in horses and dogs.
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How do you differentiate creanation from ecchinocytes? (Usually/in general?)
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Drying artifacts (crenation) is usually 2-D, and ecchinocytes are 3D.
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