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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Periodontology?
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the study of periodontal tissue and disease affecting the periodontal tissues
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What are the tissues of the periodontal?
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gingiva
periodontal ligament cementum alveolar bone |
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Give the functions of the gingiva
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attachment of oral mucosa to the dental hard tissues and alveolar bone
formation of a cuff or seal around the neck of the tooth protection for deeper tissues against food role of defence via immune system |
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What is the probing depth?
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3mm
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What does a pocket depth mean?
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that there is disease present
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In healthy tissue what should the dry tissue look like?
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orange peel, stippled
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What is gingiva lined with?
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epithelial, dense fibrous tissue
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What does gingiva attache oral mucosa to?
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dental hard tissues and alveolar bone
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When looking at health of gingiva explain what contour, consistency and surface texture mean
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contour- knife edged, goes around teeth forming a V
consistency- firm and resilient surface texture- stippled |
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What is the color of healthy gingiva?
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light/coral pink
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What is free gingiva?
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gingiva coronal to the level of the epithelial attachment to tooth
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What is gingiva margin?
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most coronal border
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What is interdental papilla?
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free gingiva between the teeth
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What is interdental col?
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outer surface of papilla beneath contact areas
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What is attached gingiva?
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bound down to bone
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What is the free gingival groove?
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reflects junction of free and attached gingiva
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What is much-gingival junction?
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where the gingiva meets alveolar mucosa
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What is the gingival crevice?
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space between the tooth and the free gingiva
depth of healthy gingival crevice can vary from 0-3mm |
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Is oral epithelium keratinized or non?
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keratinized
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explain crivicular/sulcular epithelium
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lateral wall of gingival sulcus
non keratinized |
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explain junctional epithelium
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attaches to gingival epithelium to the tooth via basal lamina and medidesmosomes
non keratinised ends at the CEJ in health and is usually about 2mm from he alveolar crest |
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What are the cells types of gingiva epithelium?
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keratinocytes- main cell
Langerhans cells- role in antigen processing and presentation to other cells lymphocytes- role in adaptive immune response melanocytes- ?exact role in oral mucosa, ?scavenging/neutralising toxins, role in inflammation |
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What are the cell types of gingiva connective tissue?
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Fibroblasts- main cell
Blasts mean to form and clasts mean to breakdown |
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What are the defence cells of the gingiva?
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Mast Cells- innate immune, inflammation
Neutrophils- innate immune, inflammation Machraphages- innate immune, inflammation and adaptive immune lymphocytes- adaptive immune Plasma cells- adaptive immune |
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What do cementoblasts form?
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cementum
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What cells are the first defence for gingiva?
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Neutrophils and macrophages
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What cells arrive last?
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lymphocytes
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What is the extracellular matrix of the gingiva made of?
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hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate
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What are the main fiber bundles of the gingiva?
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collagen and other fibers
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What are the district groupings of where the fibres run?
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dentogingival
alveologingival circular dentoperiosteal *look at slide to know where they are* pg 8 perio anatomy |
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Why is the matrix the supporting medium?
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cells can't survive in outside air
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What is the composition of gingival fluid like?
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similar to blood serum, more so than saliva
WBC, desquamated epithelial cells and microorganisms |
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What does the flow of gingival fluid increase with?
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inflammation
chewing course food tooth brushing hormonal changes |
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What are the functions of the gingival fluid?
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cleansing material from sulcus
antimicrobial properties antibody activity in defence of gingiva |
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What is the perio ligament?
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CT surrounding tooth roots,
attaches root to alveolar bone |
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What are the functions of the perio ligament?
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supportive/attachment
sensory- pressure protective formative- cell scan form new log, cementum and alveolar bone nutrient-to itself and cementum |
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What are the CT cell types of the perio ligament?
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fibroblasts
cementoblasts/clasts osteoblasts/clasts undifferentiated mesenchymal cells |
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What are the epithelial cell types of the perio ligament?
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cell rests of Malassez- may be involved in cementoblasts development?
defence cells- neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes neurovascular elements- nerve endings, endothelial cells lining blood vessels |
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What are the main fibre bundles of the perio ligament?
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Sharpeys fibres- where fibres are embedded in the cementum and alveolar bone
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What are the distinct groupings of fibre bundles?
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alveolar crest
horizontal oblique apical inter-radicular *look at slide from pg 11 peril anatomy* |
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What is the most common bundle of the perio ligament?
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oblique
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Where does the blood supply come from in the perio ligament?
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root canals
gingival tissue alveolar bone |
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What do nerves follow?
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blood vessels
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What is cementum?
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calcified tissue covering the root surface
provides attatchment for perio ligament 20u thick near CEJ, 300u thick toward apex more resistant to reabsorption compared to bone slow continueal deposition of cementum by cementoblasts |
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What will you remove when scaling?
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cementum
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What bone lines the socket?
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cortical bone
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What bone is between two adjacent sockets?
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interdental septum
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What does the alveolar bone consist of?
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tooth socket/cribiform plate
interdental septum alveolar crest |
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What is the alveolar crest?
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rin of bone around the tooth socket
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Where is the crest from the CEJ?
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usually approximately 1-2mm from CEJ
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What is the alveolar bone?
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part of jaw that supports the teeth
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What kind of bone is the alveolar bone?
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trabercular (cancellous)
cortical plates of bone |
