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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define periodontal disease
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-An infectious disease process that involves inflammation.
-Involves the structures of the periodontium -Can cause a breakdown of the periodontium, resulting in loss of tissue attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone |
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List the five structures of the periodontium
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-Gingiva
-Epithelial attachment -Periodontal ligament -Cementum -Alveolar bone |
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What percentage of Americans have some form of periodontal disease?
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75% and most are unaware
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What are the 7 types of periodontal disease?
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1) Gingivitis
2) Chronic periodontitis 3) Aggressive periodontitis 4) Periodontitis with systemic disease 5) Necrotizing periodontal disease 6) Abscesses of the periodontium 7) Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions |
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What is the AAP and what did they do?
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The American Academy of Periodontology has created a classification system to describe and diagnose periodontal disease
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What are the two basic forms of periodontal disease?
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Gingivitis and periodontitis and they each have their own variety of forms
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Explain givgivitis
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-Inflammation of the gingival tissue only the free gingiva is affected
-The first indication of periodontal problems -Characterized by areas of erythma and edema -No tissue recession or loss of connective tissue or bone |
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Other types of gingivitis can be associated with what?
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-Puberty
-Pregnancy -Birth control -Female sex hormone changes -Diabetes mellitus -Blood disorders -Poor nutrition |
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Describe periodontitis
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-Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth
-The extension of the inflammatory process from the gingiva into the connective tissue and alveolar bone |
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What are the risk factors for periodontal disease?
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-Smoking
-Diabetes -Poor oral hygiene -Osteoporosis -HIV/AIDS -Medications -Stress |
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What are the signs and symptoms for periodontal disease?
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-Erythma, edema, spongy, bleeding, tender on probing and painful tissue
-Foul odor -Loose or separating teeth -Pain or pressure when chewing -Pus around the teeth or gingiva |
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What are the causes of periodontal disease?
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-Local irritation - poor oral hygiene - dental biofilm
-Specific bacteria/biofilm -Dental restorations -Margins + irritating + biofilm retention + time = Pocket |
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What is a pocket?
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A diseased sulcus
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What distinguishes a gingival pocket from a periodontal pocket?
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The level of attachment on the tooth
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Describe a pocket
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A pocket has a inner wall (tooth surface), and an outer wall (sulcular or pocket epithelium) of the free gingiva. The two walls meet at the base of the pocket.
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Describe gingival pockets
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-Formed by gingival enlargement without apical migration of the junctional epithelium
-The margin of the gingiva has moved occlusally -Deeper periodontal structures are not involved -The tooth wall is enamel -All gingival pockets are suprabony. |
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Describe periodontal pockets
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-A pocket formed as a result of disease that caused the junctional epithelium to migrate apically along the cementum
-Deeper periodontal structures are involved -The tooth wall is cementum -Suprabony or intrabony |
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Define suprabony
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A pocket in which the base of the pocket id coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone
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Define Intrabony/Infrabony
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A pocket in which the bas of the pocket is apical or below the crest of the alveolar bone
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What is intra and infra?
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-Intra: within the bone
-Infra: under or beneath the bone |
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In the AAP periodontal disease classification, what is type I?
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Gingivitis
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In the AAP periodontal disease classification, what is type II?
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Slight or early: 3-4mm
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In the AAP periodontal disease classification, what is type III?
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Moderate: 5-7mm
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In the AAP periodontal disease classification, what is type IV?
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Advanced or severe 7mm or more
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What is the specific bacteria associated with aggressive periodontitis?
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Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans
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What is the specific bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis?
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Prophyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides Forsythus
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What is the specific bacteria associated with pregnancy gingivitis?
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Prevetella Intermedia
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Each tooth has how many site measurements?
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6
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What does NUG stand for?
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Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
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What does NUP stand for?
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Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis
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What are NUG and NUP?
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Acute, inflammatory, and destructive diseases of the periodontium
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Specifically, what is NUG?
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-Malnutrition, lowered resistance to infection, stress, neglected oral hygiene, tobacco use are predisposing factors
-May occur at any age, but usually between young people ages 15-30 years old |
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Specifically, what is NUP?
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-Destruction of periodontal tissues with ulceration of interdental papillae, cratering of interdental bone and soft tissues, and clinical attachment loss
-Presence of exposed bone, not associated with deep pockets -A marker for immune deterioration and predictor for AIDS diagnosis |
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What are the signs and symptoms of NUP and NUG?
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-Sudden onset
-Pain and soreness caused by slight pressure -Gentle probing may produce an exaggerated pain response -Pain may be intensified by hot or salty foods -Spontaneous bleeding with slight pressure -Poor appetite -Metallic or other unpleasant taste |
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What is Pseudomenbrane?
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Forms over the necrotic area. It is a gray, loose, necrotic slough that when wiped off, exposes a red and shiny gingiva
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What does pseudomenbrane consist of?
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Fibrin, necrotic tissue, leukocytes, and masses of microorganisms
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Periodontal disease is linked to what systemic conditions?
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-Cardiovascular Disease
-Respiratory Disease -Diabetes Mellitus -Low birth weight and premature infants -HIV/AIDS |
