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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atomic radius
(definition) |
the radius of an atom (since the electron cloud accounts for the volume of the atom, this is primarily the radius of the electron cloud)
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atomic radius
(trend on the periodic table) |
decreases across a period
increases down a group |
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atomic radius
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across: electrons added to the same energy level experience increasing attraction to the nucleus due to successive addition of protons.
down: each period on the table adds a new energy level to the electron cloud. |
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ionization energy
(definition) |
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom:
ionization energy increases for successive electrons removed from an atom: |
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ionization energy
(trend on the periodic table) |
increases across a period
decreases down a group |
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ionization energy
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across: electrons are harder to remove from small atoms because they are closer ti the nucleus.
down: electrons are easier to remove from large atoms because they are farther from the nucleus. |
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electronegativity
(definition) |
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
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electronegativity
(trend on the periodic table) |
increases across a period
decreases down a group |
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electronegativity
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across: shared electrons are closer to the nucleus in small atoms.
down: shared electrons are farther from the nucleus in large atoms. |
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cation
(definition) |
a positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons
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cation
(trend on the periodic table) |
cations are smaller than the atom from which they are formed
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cation
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losing electrons decreases the size of the electron cloud, which reduces the radius of the atom.
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anion
(definition) |
a negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains one or more electrons
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anion
(trend on the periodic table) |
anions are larger than the atom from which they are formed
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anion
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gaining electrons increases the size of the electron cloud, which increases the radius of the atom.
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