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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basis for Idea of Manifest Destiny
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Built on belief in white racial superiority and a sense of American cultural superiority, and helped to shape the era's political debates
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Effects of Territories Gained after Mexican-American War
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Brought a heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in the new territories
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Desires for Access to Western Resources
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Led to environmental transformation of the region, new economic activities, and increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from Natives
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Interest in Trade with Asia
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Led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives westward to Asia
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Characteristics of Antebellum Immigrants
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Lived in ethnic communities and retained their religion, language and customs
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New Opportunities in the West Created by Government Legistlation
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New economic opportunities and religious refuge, new legislation promoting national economic development
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Effects of Interaction with Hispanics and Indians on Culture
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Altered groups' cultures and ways of life and raising questions about their status and legal rights
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Reasons for Differing Views on Slavery between North and South
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The Norths expanding economy and its increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing economy contrasted with Souths reliance on slavery
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Abolitionist Strategies
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Strategies of resistance ranging from fierce arguments against the institution and assistance in helping slaves escape to willingness to use violence to achieve their goals
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Foundation of Southern Defense of Slavery
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States' rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation of slavery
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Efforts to Resolve the Issue of Slavery
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Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Dred Scott decision, but they all failed to reduce conflict
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Reason for the End of the Second Party System
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Issues of slavery and anti-immigrant nativism weakened loyalties to the two major parties and fostered the emergence of sectional parties, such as Republican party in North and Midwest
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Effects of Lincoln's Election
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Various Southern leaders to conclude that their states must secede from Union
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Mobilization and Opposition to War
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Mobilized their economies and societies to wage war even though facing home opposition
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Effects of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
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Changed the purpose of war, enabled Africans to fight in the Union Army and helped prevent Confederacy from gaining full diplomatic support from European powers
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Reasons for Union Victory
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Improved military leadership, effective strategies, key victories, greater resources, and the wartime destruction of the South's environment and infrastructure
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Southern Response to 13th Amendment
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War’smost dramatic social and economic change, but the exploitativeand soil-intensive sharecropping system endured for several generations
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Short-term Success of Reconstruction
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Reunited Union, opening up political opportunities, and other leadership roles to former slaves, and temporarily rearranging the relationships between white and black people in the South
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Methods to Avert African American Citizen and Voting Rights
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Though rights were granted, they were progressively stripped away through segregation, violence, Supreme Court decisions, and local political tactics
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Effects of 14th and 15th Amendments on Women
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Women's rights movement was both emboldened and divided over the amendments
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Effects of Civil War Amendments
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Established judicial principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually became the basis for court decisions upholding civil rights
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Manifest Destiny
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19th century doctrine or belief that expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable
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Morse Code
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An alphabet or code in which letters are represented by combinations of long and short signals of light or sound.
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Overland Trails
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Most remote area explored by mountain men, Americans began to travel these trails
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California Gold Rush
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When gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
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Oregon Territory
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Claimed by different countries, Spain ceded its claims to US, compromised was worked out for other countries such as Britain
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James K. Polk
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Split ownership with Britain in Oregon
Led victory in Mexican-American war Secured passage of Walker tariff of 1848 Established a treasury system that lasted til 1913 |
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Stephen Austin
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Established first colony in Texas
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Battle of Alamo
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Arrival of General Antonio López de Santa Anna's army outside San Antonio nearly caught them by surprise. Undaunted, the Texans and Tejanos prepared to defend the Alamo together.
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Mexican-American War
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Armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico from 1846 to 1848.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Endedwar, added 525,000 square miles to US territory
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Wilmot Proviso
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Would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican war
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Gadsden Purchase
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Agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico.
Provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War. |
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Compromise of 1850
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California admitted as free state
Texas lost claims to New Mexico Slavery maintained in Nations capital, but slave trade prohibited Fugitive slave law was passed |
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Henry Clay
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Opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics.
Clay also opposed theMexican-American Warand the "Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Allowed settlers to determine if slavery or not
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Popular Sovereignty
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Principle that authority of government is created and sustained by the consent of its people through reps
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"Bleeding Kansas"
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Border War was a series of violent political confrontations in the United States involving anti-slavery Free-States and pro-slavery
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Fugitive Slave Law
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Required escaped slaves to be returned to their masters
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Dred Scott Case
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A slave (Dred Scott) who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States
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Abraham Lincoln
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Led US through Civil war, abolished slavery, strengthened federal government, modernized economy, preserved Union
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Harriet Beecher Stowe's , Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Anti-slavery novel
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Election of 1860
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Caused for immediate outbreak of Civil war
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Secession
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Withdrawal of 11 southern states from Union
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Border States
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Slave states that had not declared a secession on Union
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Confederacy v. Union
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Civil war
Union anti slavery Confeds pro slavery |
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Morrill Land Grant Act
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Provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in “agriculture and the mechanic arts.”
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Homestead Act
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Encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.
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Battle of Fort Sumter
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Surrender of Fort Sumter
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Anaconda Plan
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Outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War.
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Robert E. Lee
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Commander of Confederate army in Civil war
Surrendered in 1865 |
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Antietam
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First major battle in Civil war to take place on Union soil
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Gettysburg
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Fought July 1-3 in 1863
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Commanding General in Union Army
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13th Amendment
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Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Set slaves free
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Election of 1864
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Lincoln re-elected
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Draft Riots
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Violent disturbances in NYC with working class discontent with new laws to draft men into War
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Assassination of Lincoln
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Carried out by John Wilkes Booth
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14th Amendment
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Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, proposed in response to issues related to former slaves
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15th Amendment
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Prohibits federal and state governments from denying citizens the right to vote based on racism
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Compromise of 1877
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Pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
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Freedman's Bureau
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Helped former black saves and poor whites in South
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Black Codes
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Laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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Charles Sumner
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Leader of antislavery forces and leader of radical republicans
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Johnson's Impeachment
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Cite Johnson's removal of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, a violation of the Tenure of Office Act
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Carpetbaggers
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A person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.
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Hiram Revels
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First African US senator
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Sharecropping
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System of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
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KKK of 1800s
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6 young men create the KKK
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Appomattox
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Final engagement of Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.
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