• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/111

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

111 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Who was selected as Harrison's vice president? Why?
John Tyler; to appeal to the South
Who should have been elected as Harrison's VP over Tyler?
Henry Clay
Why did Tyler become president?
He was Harrison's VP; when Harrison died he assumed the presidency
What was Tyler's relationship like with his cabinet?
They resented his promotion to the office and several members were openly hostile towards him
What US president had the most kids?
Tyler (15 kids, 2 wives)
What past US politicians were Clay and Tyler similar?
Clay➡Hamilton
Tyler➡Jefferson
What were the biggest parts of Clays program (the American System part 2)?
- New National Bank to replace the Independent Treasury (Van Buren)
- Preemption Act
What was the Preemption Act?
Squatters got first dibs on the land they were living on if someone wanted to purchase the property; if they could not afford it, the highest bidder would be given the land and the squatters kicked off
What part of Henry Clay's 'second American System' was passed? How did it benefit the common man?
The Preemption Act; helped people who lost their land in the Panic of 1837 (squatters) have a chance at getting property for themselves again
Why did Clay's Bank Bill not get passed?
President Tyler vetoed the Bill, and the Whigs (Clay's followers) didn't have 2/3 of the House to override the veto
How did Tyler's cabinet react to his veto of Clays Bank Bill?
Everyone except SoS Webster resigned
What party did Tyler join after expelling from the Whig party?
The Democrat Party
Who did the Whigs discuss impeaching several times?
Tyler
Why did Webster remain in Tyler's cabinet after everyone else resigned?
He wanted to negotiate a boundary with Britain favorable to his New England roots
What treaty did Webster negotiate with the British? What did he do immediately afterwards?
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty; resigned from Tyler's cabinet
What was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
Treaty with Britain that resolved disputes over the Maine-Canadian border
What were the 2 greatest achievements in Tyler's presidency?
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty and the Annexation of Texas
Who is Stephen F. Austin?
Person who got a charter to colonize the area recieved from the Mexican government; called "The Father of Texas"
When did Mexico outlaw slavery?
1829
What did Mexico pass in 1830? Why?
A law prohibiting further American immigration into Texas; the immigrants were ignoring Mexico's prohibition of slavery
Who made himself dictator of Mexico and demanded that Mexico's laws also be enforced in Texas?
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Where did another slaughter take place that was similar to the Alamo?
Goliad
How long was Texas an independent nation?
From 1836-1845
Why did Jackson and Van Buren refuse to recognize Texas as an independent nation?
They feared war with Mexico and the controversy of expanding slavery
What did the Senate reject in 1844?
A treaty annexing Texas
Who came up with the term 'Manifest Destiny'?
John O'Sullivan
What was Manifest Destiny?
A belief that we were God's chosen people, and the US should control the continent from coast to coast
How did the Democrats use Manifest Destiny?
To support the expansionist plans of the Polk Administration
Why did the Whigs oppose Manifest Destiny?
They wanted to strengthen the economy, not expand the country
What were the key events in building Manifest Destiny in the country?
- Texas Independence
- The Oregon Trail
- Mormon Migration
- Mexican Cession
- Gold Rush
- Admittance of California to the Union
Life on the trail
Oregon Trail and California
Election of 1844
What were Polk's main goals in his presidency?
- Reduce the tariff
- Create an independent treasury
- Acquire California
- Settle the Oregon Territory boundary dispute with Britain
Why did Polk push the annexation of Texas as a Joint Resolution of Congress?
It only required a majority in each house instead of just 2/3 majority in the Senate
What was the Oregon Treaty?
The division of the Oregon Territory at the 49th parallel
What caused the Mexican-American War in the long-term?
- Manifest Destiny
- Discovery of gold in America
Why didn't the Whigs want the Mexican-American War?
Because if we gained Texas from the war, it could potentially be made into 5 new states, upsetting the balance in the Senate which they controlled (South)
Why was it so important for Mexico to fire on us first?
Polk's cabinet told him they would support the war if Mexico fired first, meaning he would have congressional support to declare war
Where did Polk believe the US-Mexico border was? Mexico?
US- Rio Grande
Mexico- Neuces River
What was the War with Mexico commonly called?
Mr.Polk's War
Who were the next three presidential candidates, and why did they become the candidates?
John C Fremont, Zachary Taylor(WINNER), Winfield Scott; all were war heroes
How did many Americans justify the war, even though it was unpopular among most?
Gold was discovered in California
How did Polk make us bigger and stronger? How did he make us weaker?
Stronger- War was a success➡we gained Texas and New Mexico; found gold in California shortly after war
Weaker- Addition of slave state⬆ led to political instability
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
An amendment to a bill on spending for the Mexican-American War that called for the prohibition of slavery in all territories acquired from the Mexican-American War
Who was Lewis Cass? How did he help Congress escape making a decision about slavery in the territories after the Mexican)American War?
A politician from Michigan who proposed that the government use popular sovereignty and let the settlers decide whether they wanted slavery in their state or not
What can be connected with Congress' debate over the spread of slavery into the territories gained by the Mexican-American War?
NW Ordinance(1787)- First time congress prohibited expansion of slavery into the territories
What did Free Soilers want? What was their motto?
To keep the West a land of opportunity for whites only; "Free soil, free labor, free land"
What was California like before the Gold Rush?
Unmistakably Mexican with only a few white settlers
What is the significance of Sutter's Mill?
It was the first place where gold was found➡ started the Gold Rush
Why did CA submit an antislavery constitution? What did Tyler propose CA do regarding slavery?
Primarily for economic reasons; CA should become a state and decide the issue of slavery
Who was Horace Greeley?
Editor of the New York Tribune, famous for coming up with the phrase, "Go West, young man"
Who created the Compromise of 1850? Why is this significant?
Henry Clay; it was his 3rd compromise (Missouri, comp tariff from nullification crisis)
What did John C. Calhoun threaten during the Compromise of 1850?
The South would secede from the US
What did Daniel Webster stress during the Compromise of 1850?
Preserving the Union
What is William Seward famous for saying?
"A higher law than the Constitution, which we must obey" (talking about slavery issue)
Who completed the Bill for Clay when he was too dilapidated to do it himself?
Stephen Douglas
What were the 5 parts to the Compromise of 1850?
1) CA admitted as free state
2) strengthen the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
3) popular sovereignty for New Mexico and Utah Territory
4) stop the slave trade in DC but permit whites to own slaves in DC
5) the federal government would assume the debts of Texas
What was the national feeling towards the compromise of 1850?
It was widely supported
Who is arguably the greediest politician in American History? What is an example?
Douglas; started the Civil War because of his greed
What pushed Harriet Beecher Stowe to write her book about slavery?
The Fugitive Slave Act
What did the Fugitive Slave Act do?
Forced citizens to aid in the capture of runaway slaves
How did northern states protest the Fugitive Slave Act?
Bypassing personal liberty laws to protect free blacks from slave catchers
Who is Anthony Burns?
A fugitive slave who was captured in Boston
Where were most runaway slaves from?
The Upper South
Who is Levi Coffin?
The Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves using his wealth
In what states were over 50 percent of the population made up by slaves?
SC and Mississippi
Who owned the most slaves out of any other person in America?
How Howell Cobb; he owned almost 1100
Where did 60 percent of all of a North America's experts come from?
The South
What is an oligarchy?
Government by the few; it was run by the wealthy plantation owners
What happened to the price of slaves from 1790 to 1860?
Increased from $400 to $1800
Why was slavery diminishing in the Upper South?
Soil was being depleted, causing cotton prices to fall
How could southern society be described?
Very, very rigid because there was little economic opportunity to improve your social standing
Who made up the middle class of Southern society?
Yeoman farmers
How did the yeoman farmers in America the south feel about the aristocracy?
Hated it as much as the abolitionist
How many free blacks were there in the South? What kind of work did they do?
250,000; most were skilled artisans and laborers
What class in Southern society were descendants of indentured slaves?
The 75 percent that owned no slaves
Why was the south so undemocratic?
It was run by a favored aristocracy and they were strong supporters of slavery
Where did most free blacks live?
In the Upper South
Free blacks were unpopular in the North. Who especially hated the blacks there? Why
The Irish immigrants because they competed for jobs
What does antebellum mean?
Food before the Civil War
What other community did pre Civil War plantation life resemble because it was like a self sufficient village?
Jefferson's Monticello
Who was one of the few people during this time that realized how the plantation system was holding back the growth and development of the South?
Edmund Ruffin
What caused the South to harden stance on slavery?
Rising prices of slaves and northern opposition to slavery
Why did many states pass laws that required free blacks to emigrate?
They considered free blacks a dangerous example for slaves
Were slaves still being illegally imported into the country even after the importation of slaves was abolished?
Yes
Who was Nat Turner? Where did his revolt take place?
The Baptist preacher who rebelled against his master; Virginia
What were some of the slave codes passed by southern plantation owners?
1) slaves could not be taught to read or write
2) slaves could not assemble without a white person present
3) could not testify against whites in a trial
4) marriage is between slaves were not legally binding so slave owners were free to split up families during sale
What years was the gag rule passed in congress?
1836-1844
What did the gag rule do? Where did get passed/apply to?
Automatically dismissed all petitions on slavery preventing them from being read or discussed; only in the House
How was the gag rule a violation of people's rights?
It violated their freedom of speech and their right to petition their government
Who was the central figure in the opposition to the gag rule? How was this ironic?
Q. Adams; his father John Adams pass the Alien and Sedition Acts which also violated people's freedom of speech
How much of the nation's manufacturing was made up by the South?
Less than 15%
What was one of the biggest reasons why the South didn't win the Civil War?
They had hardly any manufacturing to support themselves during the war
Who was known for being receptive to new technology and change?
Northerners
What is a nativist?
White native-born American
What is a tenement?
Crowded slums where most workers in the northern cities lived
Why did unions start to decline?
The widespread use of immigrants, women, and children into the worforce
How did industrialization impact Northern society?
Started becoming more layered like the South (classes), and there was a growing gap between the rich and the poor
What was the first railroad ever built?
The Baltimore and Ohio
What is considered the first modern business?
Railrods
What is one of the main reasons the North won the Civil War?
Railroads
Who provided most of the funding for railroads? how can this be connected to past events?
Private investors; also provided much of the funding for canals, etc. from internal improvements during Era of Good Feelings
What was the number one employer in the 1800's or 19th century?
Railroads
Who created the steel plow? How did railroads bring on his invention and others like it?
John Deere; Railroads connected farmers to the world market, which caused farm prices and overproduction to increase
How did the railroad system politically help the states?
Helped them break away from the South, Mississippi River, and broke up the Southern-Western political alliance
What cemented the Northern-Wesern Alliance? What first caused its development?
Railroads; the Eerie Canal
What city became the railroad center of the Midwest? Who pushed for this?
Chicago; Douglas
What were the causes behind the first 3 Panics?
1819- BUS tightened credit
1837- Jackson's Specie Circular
1857- Economic slowdown and domestic expansion
While the North was hit very hard by the Panic of 1857, who remained practically unaffected by it? Why?
The South; they didn't have railroads yet
From the panic of 1857 and on what were panics caused by?
Railroads