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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are thr four supporting structures of teeth?
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alveolar bone
cementum gingiva periodontal ligament |
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What is characteristic about teeth with diastemas?
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flat papillae
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Where is the position of the gingival margin in health?
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slightly coronal to CEJ
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True or False: The periodontal ligament is destroyed in gingivitis.
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False
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True or False: The periodontal ligament remains intact in gingivitis.
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True
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What can reverse gingivitis?
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professional treatment
patient self-care at home removal of local factors |
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What is the first manifestation of gingival inflammation?
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vascular changes consisting of dilation of capillaries and increased blood flow
(bleeding on probing) |
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What color does acute gingivitis appear as?
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bright red
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What color does chronic gingivitis appear as?
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bluish red or purplish red
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Why does gingival tissue become red or bluish red in gingivitis?
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increased vascularization
reduction of the epithelial keratinization venous stasis |
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How does the free gingival margin appear in gingivitis?
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rolled and thickened from edema
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What causes the texture of the gingiva to have a smooth and shiny appearance in gingivitis?
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thinning of surface epithelium
interstitial edema |
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What are the two terms used to describe the extent of inflammation in gingitivis?
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localized and generalized
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What are the three types of distribution of inflammation in gingivitis, in increasing order?
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papillary - confined to papilla
marginal - confined to gingival margin and papilla diffuse -throughout gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva |
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Which structures appear radiolucent on radiographs?
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bone loss and defects
bone marrow spaces periapical abscess periodontal ligament space pulp |
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Whcih structures appear radiopaque on radiographs?
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compact & cortical bone
dentin enamel metals (amalgam) |
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Which periodontal components can be identified on radiographs?
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alveolar crest (crestal lamina)
bone trabeculae cementum dentin lamina dura periodontal ligament space |
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What is the normal level of the alveolar crest?
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2 mm apical to CEJ
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What is lamina dura?
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thin layer of dense bone that lines a normal tooth socket
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What is the thin layer of dense bone that lines a normal tooth socket?
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lamina dura
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What occupies the space between the alveolar crest and CEJ?
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junctional epithelium and connective tissue fibers
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What is biological width?
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portion of tooth surface covered by junctional epithelium and connective tissue, including supragingival fiber bundles
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What is biological width an important consideration for?
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design of dental restorations and crowns
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What can you determine about periodontal tissues from careful probing?
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probing depth
location of free gingival margin attachment level presence of inflammation at base of pocket width of attached gingiva |
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What is the free gingival margin?
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distance from gingival margin to CEJ
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What can changes in the amount of attached gingiva sometimes lead to?
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mucogingival conditions
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What is attached gingiva?
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distance from base of gingival crevice or pocket to mucogingival line
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What are mucogingival conditions defined as?
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deviations from normal anatomic relationship between gingival margin and mucogingival junction
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What are three common causes of mucogingival conditions?
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- gingival recession in which the gingival margin retreats apically and approaches the mucogingival line
- mucogingival line is coronally located and approaches the gingival margin - attachment of frena close to gingival margin |
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What are some diseases that are caused by bacterial biofilms?
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dental caries
periodontitis otitis media bacterial endocarditis Legionnaire's disease |
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Where in the mouth, besides on teeth, can biofilms form?
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tongue and mucosal karatinocytes
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What are the early colonizers in plaque biofilm formation?
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Gram+ cocci
Gram+ rods |
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What are the late colonizers in plaque biofilm formation?
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Gram- bacteria
spirochetes |
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What are the three stages of biofilm formation?
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1. attachment of pioneer bacteria to pellicle
2. serial colonization of other microorganisms by attachment to pioneer bacteria 3. microbial growth and matrix production |
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What is the method by which bacterial genes in a biofilm are switched on?
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quorum sensing
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Why are biofilms more resistant to antimicrobials?
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- depletion of nutrients in some areas of biofilms leads to reduced metabolic activity and decreased susceptibility to antimicrobials
- matrix of biofilm may inhibit penetration of antimicrobials - collective neutralization of antimicrobials by superficial bacteria may protect more deep-lying bacteria - antimicrobial resistant bacteria may accumulate in biofilms after exposure to antimicrobials |
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What are some potential strategies to combat biofilms?
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anti-adhesins
block quorum-sensing molecules block synthesis of matrix molecules |
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What are five common types of toothpastes?
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fluoride
desensitizing anti-calculus anti-plaque whitening |
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What kind of ingredients in toothpaste are karaya gum, methylcellulose, and magnesium aluminum silicate?
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binders
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What kind of ingredients in toothpaste are silica, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and baking soda?
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abrasives
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What kind of ingredient in toothpaste is sodium lorate sulfate?
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sudser
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What kind of ingredients in toothpaste are sorbitol and glycerin?
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humectants
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What kind of ingredient in toothpaste is mint?
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flavor
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What kind of ingredient in toothpaste are saccharides?
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sweeteners
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What is the most common form of fluoride in toothpaste?
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sodium fluoride
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What kind of ingredient in toothpaste is sodium perborate?
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teeth whitener
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What is the most common teeth whitener ingredient in toothpaste?
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sodium perborate
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What kind of ingredient in toothpaste is p-hydrozybenzoate?
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preservative
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What is the active ingredient in desensitizing toothpastes?
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strontium chloride or potassium nitrate
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What is the active ingredient in tartar control toothpastes?
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tetrasodium pyrophosphate
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What is the active ingredient in whitening toothpastes?
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carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
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How many times greater must antimicrobial concentration be to kill a biofilm compared to bacteria in solution?
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500 times
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What does efficacy refer to for a mouthrinse?
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kills periodontal pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration
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What does stability refer to for a mouthrinse?
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stable at room temperature and has reasonable shelf life
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What does substantivity refer to for a mouthrinse?
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retained in oral cavity and released slowly over time with continued effect
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What does safety refer to for a mouthrinse?
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low toxicity
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When is the use of a mouthrinse indicated?
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immediately after periodontal surgery
dental implants orthdontic appliances immunocompromised patients |
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What is the active ingredient in Peridex/Periogard?
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chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%)
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What is the alcohol content in Peridex/Periogard?
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11.6%
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What is the active ingredient in Listerine?
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eucalyptol
thymol methyl salicylate menthol |
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What is the active ingredient in Scope?
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cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)
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What is the active ingredient in Cepacol?
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cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)
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What is the alcohol content in Listerine?
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26.9%
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What is the alcohol content in Scope?
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18.9%
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What is the alcohol content in Cepacol?
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14.0%
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What is the alcohol content in Listermint?
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6.6%
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What are possible side effects of using mouthrinses that contain alcohol?
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oral cancer
dry mouth |
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What is the active ingredient in Crest Pro-Health?
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cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) - 0.07%
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What is the active ingredient in Biotene?
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glucose oxidase
lactoperoxidase lysozyme |
