Perio Final

Front 1

Calculus located above gingival margin

Back 1

supragingival calculus

Front 2

Calculus located below gingival margin

Back 2

subgingival calculus

Front 3

What color is supragingival calculus?

Back 3

creamy white to yellow

Front 4

What color is subgingival calculus?

Back 4

dark brown or black

Front 5

What fluid does supragingival calculus form from?

Back 5

saliva

Front 6

What fluid does subgingival calculus form from?

Back 6

gingival crevicular fluid

Front 7

Where is supragingival calculus usually found?

Back 7

- lingual surfaces of anterior mandible
- buccal surfaces of maxillary molars

Front 8

Where is subgingival calculus usually found?

Back 8

anywhere in mouth

Front 9

Calculus formation can be seen in what type of people?

Back 9

Children & adults

Front 10

Amount of calculus and number of people with calculus ___ with age

A) increases
B) decreases
C) no difference

Back 10

A) increases

Front 11

Best way to detect supragingival calculus

Back 11

visual means (and air dry)

Front 12

Best way to detect subgingival calculus

Back 12

ODU 11/12 explorer

Front 13

Where on teeth is calculus the heaviest?

Back 13

interproximal

Front 14

What does calculus look like on radiograph?

Back 14

- radiopaque
- look like "spurs"

Front 15

How much calculus is visible on radiographs?

Back 15

40-50%

Front 16

Visibility of calculus on radiographs depends on what?

Back 16

- mineral density
- bulk
- location (can't see on lingual/buccal surfaces or in furcations)
- tooth contour (cant see in root concavities)

Front 17

What are the 4 types of calcium phosphate crystals found in calculus?

Back 17

- hydroxyapatite
- witlockite
- octacalcium phosphate
- brushite

Front 18

How soon does calculus formation start?

Back 18

1-4 days

Front 19

How long is the maximum level of calculus formation?

Back 19

10-24 weeks

Front 20

How (and where) does mineralization spread

Back 20

1) plaque matrix
2) bacterial surface
3) within bacteria

- mineralization centers grow peripherally and join to form a mass

Front 21

Is plaque essential for calculus formation?

Back 21

No

Front 22

How does calculus attach to enamel?

Back 22

organic pellicle

Front 23

Where are sites of mechanical attachment for calculus?

Back 23

- cemental irregularities (loss of sharpey's fibers)
- grooves in cementum from instrumentation (scaling grooves)

Front 24

Calculus is a ____ etiological factor for periodontal disease

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary

Back 24

B) secondary

Front 25

What does pyrophosphate do?

Back 25

disrupts formation of calcium phosphate crystals

Front 26

What is scaling?

Back 26

instrumentation of CROWN & ROOT surfaces to remove calculus

Front 27

What is root planing?

Back 27

instrumentation of PERIODONTALLY INVOLVED TEETH to REMOVE CEMENTUM that is rough or has calculus

Front 28

Scaling & Root Planing together are known as ____

Back 28

- Nonsurgical periodontal instrumentation procedures

- Phase 1 perio therapy

Front 29

What are scalers/sickles designed for?

Back 29

- SUPRAgingival calculus removal

Front 30

Anterior sickle has a ____ functional shank

A) straight
B) curved

Back 30

A) straight

Front 31

Posterior sickle has a ____ functional shank

A) straight
B) curved

Back 31

B) curved

Front 32

Anterior sickle has a ____ functional shank

A) paired
B) unpaired

Back 32

B) unpaired

Front 33

Posterior sickle has a ____ functional shank

A) paired
B) unpaired

Back 33

A) paired

Front 34

Scalers have a ____ cross-section

Back 34

triangular

Front 35

Scalers have __ cutting edges

Back 35

2

Front 36

Scalers have a ____ tip

A) Rounded
B) Pointed

Back 36

B) Pointed

Front 37

What part of the scaler is adapted to the tooth?

Back 37

anterior 1/3 (2-3 mm) of the tip

Front 38

What is the correct angulation of the scaler?

Back 38

70-80 degrees

Front 39

For a posterior scaler, the ____ shank is parallel to the tooth surface

Back 39

lower

Front 40

For a posterior scaler, the ____ shank is up and over the tooth

Back 40

functional

Front 41

Sickles are used with a ____ stroke

Back 41

pull

Front 42

Where are universals curettes used?

Back 42

- anterior & posterior teeth
- supragingival & subgingival
- small–medium size calculus

Front 43

Universal curettes have a ____ cross-section

Back 43

semicircular

Front 44

Universal curettes have a ____ tip

Back 44

rounded

Front 45

Universal curettes have __ cutting edges

Back 45

2

Front 46

In Universal curettes, the face is perpendicular to the ___ shank

Back 46

lower

Front 47

Describe the cutting edges of universal curettes

Back 47

Level with one another

Front 48

Which universal curette is used for normal sulcus or shallow pockets?

Back 48

13/14 (shorter)

Front 49

Which universal curette is used for deep pockets?

Back 49

1/2 (longer)

Front 50

In a universal curette, the correct working end has the face tilted ____ the tooth surface

Back 50

toward

Front 51

Gracey curettes are for ___ calculus removal

Back 51

light

Front 52

Gracey curettes have a ___ cross-section

Back 52

semicurcular

Front 53

Gracey curettes have __ cutting edges

Back 53

1

Front 54

Describe the cutting edges of Gracey curettes

Back 54

- curved
- fice is tilted
- cutting edge is the lower edge

Front 55

The Gracey curettes have a ___ tip

Back 55

rounded

Front 56

In Gracey curettes, the ___ shank is parallel to the tooth surface

Back 56

lower shank

Front 57

Gracey curettes, the ___ shank is up an over the tooth

Back 57

functional shank

Front 58

Gracey 1/2

Back 58

- Anterior teeth
- all surfaces

Front 59

Gracey 7/8

Back 59

- Posterior teeth
- Buccal/lingual surfaces

Front 60

Gracey 11/12

Back 60

- Posterior teeth
- Mesial surfaces

Front 61

Gracey 13/14

Back 61

- Posterior teeth
- Distal surfaces

Front 62

Gracey curettes are for __gingival scaling & root planing.

Why?

Back 62

- SUBgingival

- best adaptation to complex root surfaces

Front 63

Calculus removal strokes are always made in a ___ direction

Back 63

coronal

Front 64

When would you use vertical strokes to remove calculus?

Back 64

- anterior teeth: all surface
- posterior teeth: mesial & distal surfaces

Front 65

When would you use oblique strokes to remove calculus?

Back 65

- Posterior teeth: buccal & lingual surfaces

Front 66

When would you use horizontal strokes to remove calculus?

Back 66

- Posterior teeth: line angles
- Anterior teeth: narrow root surfaces
- Facial & lingual surfaces of any teeth

Front 67

Where are spicules found?

Back 67

- under contact areas
- line angles

Front 68

Where are ledges found?

Back 68

- all tooth surfaces

Front 69

What part of the ODU 11/12 explorer do you use to detect calculus?

Back 69

1-2 mm of side of the tip

Front 70

To detect subgingival calculus, the clinician uses ____ with the explorer.

Back 70

sense of touch

Front 71

Explorer strokes are used in a ___ direction

Back 71

push and pull, overlapping

(vertical, oblique, or horizontal)
(vertical & oblique most effective)

Front 72

With an ODU explorer, the ___ shank is parallel to the tooth

Back 72

lower

Front 73

With an ODU explorer, the ___ shank is up and over the tooth

Back 73

functional

Front 74

How does subgingival calculus feel with an ODU 11/12 explorer?

Back 74

- moves out and around a raised bump
- returns back to smooth surface

Front 75

How do sheets of subgingival calculus feel with an ODU 11/12 explorer?

Back 75

gritty sensation

Front 76

How does a restoration with an overhanging margin feel upon insertion of an ODU 11/12 explorer?

Back 76

- pass down side of restoration
- sudden dip into tooth surface

Front 77

How does a restoration with a deficient margin feel upon insertion of an ODU 11/12 explorer?

Back 77

- dip inward as tip encounters deficiency
- have to move laterally out of depression onto tooth surface

Front 78

How does a carious lesion feel upon insertion of an ODU 11/12 explorer?

Back 78

- dip in then out

Front 79

How do you insert a curette for subgingival calculus removal?

Back 79

0-40 degree angle

Front 80

What is the correct angle for removal of calculus?

Back 80

60-80 degrees

Front 81

What is the only time you can do root planing?

Back 81

Attachment Loss

Front 82

What phase of treatment planning is urgent care/pain control?

Back 82

Phase 0

Front 83

What phase of treatment planning is nonsurgical therapy, caries control, temporary restorations?

Back 83

Phase I

Front 84

What phase of treatment planning is surgical therapy?

Back 84

Phase II

Front 85

What phase of treatment planning is Definitive Restorative therapy?

Back 85

Phase III

Front 86

What phase of treatment planning is recall (maintenance)

Back 86

Phase IV

Front 87

Extrinsic stains

Back 87

- can be removed

- food stains
- bacterial stains
- Medications
- Chlorohexidine

Front 88

Intrinsic stains

Back 88

- Can't be removed

- from tooth development
- tetracycline
- fluorosis
- aging

Front 89

What is prophylaxis?

Back 89

Removal of plaque, calculus, stains by scaling & polishing

(preventative measure for control of irrigational factors)

Front 90

What are the indications for prophylaxis?

Back 90

- helathy patient
- gingivitis
- plaque/calculus/stains

Front 91

What are the contra-indications for prophylaxis

Back 91

periodontal pockets

Front 92

How much enamel can get removed from polishing?

Back 92

0.1-1.0 microns in 10 seconds

Front 93

Why be careful when polishing?

Back 93

- can remove tooth surface
- produce heat — can injure pulp
- scratch gold & composite (plaque trap)

Front 94

Prophylaxis is part of what phases?

Back 94

Pase I & Phase IV

Front 95

Prophylaxis can only remove _____ staining

Back 95

extrinsic

Front 96

Patient position for maxillary arch

Back 96

- supine
- chin raised

Front 97

Patient position for mandibular arch

Back 97

- back raised slightly
- chin down