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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the percentage smoking is responsible for in the cases of periodontal disease among adults in the United States? |
50% |
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How many chemicals/toxins are released in the smoke? |
4,000 |
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How many ingredients are in cigarettes? |
600 |
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How many chemicals are created when burned and of how many cause cancer? |
7,000 and 69 |
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What are the 3 mechanisms that smoking has an impact on? |
Impact on Oral Microbial Biofilms Impact on the Immune System Impact on Bone Metabolism |
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What is the bacteria called that colonizes on plaque in smokers? |
P. gingivalis |
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What factors will you see more of in smokers? |
More attachment loss and recession More alveolar bone loss More teeth with furcation involvement More tooth loss More larger & deeper probing depths |
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What 2 factors will the clinician see less of in a smoker? |
Less gingivitis and inflammation |
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What effect does Nicotine have on the blood flow in the periodontium? |
Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor resulting in decreased gingival crevicular blood flow. For example, BOP is suppressed. With smoking cessation, gingival BOP increases within 4 to 6 weeks |
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Which type of WBC is increased and what processes are decreased? |
Neutrophils Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis |
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What immune systems does smoking affect? |
Human Immune System Cellular Inflammatory Response System Humoral Inflammatory Response System |
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What is the most affected tissues affected by smoking? |
Bone |
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Smokers are at a greater amount of ________ _______ ________ than nonsmokers. |
Alveolar bone destruction |
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Which cells are suppressed and what is stimulated with nicotine? |
Osteoblasts Alkaline Phosphate Activity |
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What is being altered when there is an increasing release of matrix metalloproteinases with nicotine? |
Normal bone remodeling |
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Effects of Smoking on Host Response |
Inflammation suppressed Typical appearance of gingiva Little gingiva inflammation or edema May develop fibrotic appearance Reduced bleeding due to decreased vascularization |
