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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology |
the study of the health and disease within the total population and the risk factors that influence health and disease |
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What are the 3 objectives for epidemiological research? |
1) to determine the amount and distribution of a disease in a population 2) to investigate the causes of a disease 3) to apply this knowledge to the control of disease |
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Prevalence |
refers to the number of all cases (both new and old) of a disease that can be identified within a specified population at a given point in time |
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Incidence |
the number of new disease cases in a population that occur over a given period of time |
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Variables associated with prevalence of disease |
1) Gender 2) Educational level and socioeconomic status 3) Age 4) Access to dental care |
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Who has the highest prevalence of gingivitis, adolescents, prepubertal children, or adults? |
Adolescents |
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Who is more likely to have gingivitis, males or females? |
Males of all age groups especially high for males aged 13 to 17 |
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Periodontal pathogens |
bacteria that are capable of infecting the tissues of the periodontium |
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Calculus Theory |
calculus deposits + tooth = disease |
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Bacterial Theory |
bacteria (plaque biofilm) + tooth = disease |
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Host-Bacterial Interaction |
bacteria + host response to bacterial infection = disease |
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Is bacterial plaque, alone, enough to cause periodontal disease? |
NO |
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What theory is current? |
the host-bacterial interaction theory |
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What are some risk factors for periodontal disease? |
1) local oral conditions 2) habits 3) systemic disease 4) genetic factors |
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Continuous Progression Theory prior to 1980 |
states that periodontal disease progresses throughout the entire mouth in a slow and constant rate over the adult life of the patient this case suggests that all cases of untreated gingivitis lead to periodontitis, and that all cases of periodontitis progress at a slow and steady rate of tissue destruction |
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Intermittent Progression Theory |
CURRENT VIEW states that periodontal disease is characterized by periods of disease activity and inactiviity pg. 90 |
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What are the major established risk factors for periodontitis? |
1) specific bacterial pathogens 2) cigarette smoking 3) diabetes mellitus |
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What are the local and acquired risk factors? |
1) dental plaque biofilm 2) local oral conditions 3) cigarette smoking |
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What is the systemic risk factor? |
diabetes mellitus |
